Organic Compounds Assisted Solution Synthesis Of Inorganic Functional Nanomaterials

In this dissertation, organic compounds assisted solution-based chemical routes were developed to prepare low-dimensional inorganic functional nanomaterials. Based on a wide and in-depth literature investigation, combined with the equipments and other conditions of our laboratory, the hydrothermal and solvothermal system or some mild synthesize conditions (room temperature) were selected as the research field. Through the use of surfactant, mixed solvents and polymer, a series of functional material nanostrutal such as metal (copper), sulfant semiconductors and transition metal oxides have been obtained. The morphologe, crystal structure and effective conditions of the products have been studied. In addition, the influences of different morphologies on their physics properties have also been investigated. The main points are summarized as follows:1. A surfactant-assisted method was used to prepare hollow spherical copper powders with an average size of about 300 nm in diameter from copper monochloride. The existence and the concentration of SDBS were important to the formation of hollow spheres. The surfactant SDBS was believed to play roles on at least two aspects: suppressing the aggregation of metal nanoparticles in initial stage of crystal growth, and construct the micelles to serve as the temple for the hollow spheres.2. The precursor of novel flower-like pattern of radially aligned ZnSe nanoflakes and ZnTe nanrod bundles were synthesized via a facile solvothermal method in a mixed solvent of ethylenediamine and hydrazine hydrate. After thermal treatment of the precursor the metastable wurtzite phase ZnSe nanoflakes and the cubic sphalerite phase ZnTe nanorods sample were obtained. It was found that the strong polarity, strong chelation of ethylenediamine and strong reducing ability of N₂H₄ as well as the ratios of the solvent components were of great importance for the formation of the final structures. The PL spectrum of the as-prepared ZnSe sample was investigated.3. Quasicubes and rodlike of Mn₃O₄ nanostrcutures were obtained through the use of certain molecule with special structure respectively. As a special reagent, manganese acetate was introduced to the system to produce Mn₃O₄ nanopaticles via a facile and environmentally benign route in water by naturally oxidized reaction. The as-synthesized sample, which is well crystallized, showed good catalytic performance in the oxidation of carbon monoxide. Mn₃O₄ nanorods have been prepared by special calcining of the precursor , which was hydrothermally prepared by the reaction of PEG-20000 and KMnO₄ at 180℃for 20 h. Both PEG-20000 and the calcinations condition have key effects on the morphology and phase purity of the product. The magnetism measurements showed that the curie temperature of these nanorods agrees with the bulk material, whereas the remnant magnetization and coercivity are different.4. Based on the further development of introducing some special coordination structure into hydrothermal reaction system uniform Co₃O₄ nanowires and Co₃O₄ nanoflowers were obtained in high yield by the use of organic compounds and the later heating treatment. The effects of the important experiment parameters such as concertations of the reagent, reaction time, mineralizer, different kinds of amine and the heating rate on the morphology of the precursors and the final products were deeply investigated. Such a hydrothermal route using certain coordinate reagent and selected reacting enviroment, combined with later thermal treatment may represent a promising way for the synthesis of other transition metaloxide functional nanomaterial...