Eco-compensation Theory And Eco-compensation Fee System For Minging Exploration

With the increasing demand of mineral resources for rapid economic development in China, mining exploration have resulted in the sharp decrease of farm lands and geological disaster highly befallening, so it becomes one of the main tasks of sustainable social development to establish the eco-compensation mechanism. This dissertation chose eco-compensation dimension and compensation fees standard as the research objects and take targets in probing the levy methods and evaluation mode of compensation fees. The main research contents and conclusions are just as follows:(1) Taked the fist step from underpinning the connotation of eco-compensation in mining areas and the categories of environmental damages in mining exploration, the dissertation applied comparative approach to comfirm the eco-compensation dimension of mining exploration, including compensation ojects, compensation subjects, compensation channels and standard. The eco-compensation fees were composed of abandoned mines compensation and active mines compensation. The compensation fees for abandoned mines involved abandoned mines reclamation found, fiscal payment and non-fiscal governmental found, all of which were operated by province share program. The compensation for active mines can be performed by direct economic compensation and reclamation activities in mining areas, and the latter is the most important channel to fulfill eco-compensation. Even though this article reviewed the mining permission mechanism and abandoned mines reclamation programs in U.S.A and other countries, it was also concluded by data analysis that the efficiency of abandoned mines reclamation found was depressed because this propram lacked the consideration of mining industrial transferring.(2) In light of eco-compensation connotation of mining exploration, the dissertation separately established a minimum fees model and a maximum fees model to calcute eco-compensation standard. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was adopted to analyze influence coefficients, which formed a indicator system including 4 indexes in the primary order, 13 indexes in the second order and 29 indexes in the third order. In order to verify the availability of the indicator system and evaluation criteria, different mineral exploration cases were selected as empirical research, the result of which were compared with the local criteria of performance bond. In addition, the levy methods of compensation fees were divied into hard financial assurance and soft financial assurance according to the analysis in present levy methods of performance bonds operated by 25 countries. Bonded with the characters of Chinese financial markets and the developing conditions of Chinese environmental responsibility credit,the viewpoint was proposed that some appropriate financial tools, such as irrevocable letter of credit, trust found and performance bond, should be introduced except for cash deposit.(3) Game theory was adopted to analyse the feasibility of eco-compensation policies. Based on innovative game theory models in this dissertation, the points were obviously brought up that the eco-compensation policy system should play its role under setting up constraint and stimulation mechanism, which included mining permission system, reclamation bond pool fund, environmental reclamation certification, environmental industrial developing stragagem, favourable ecological tax policy and other stimulus policies.