Preparation And Study Of Polymer Nanocomposite Materials For Automobile Technology

Nanoscale one dimensional (1D) materials have been popular in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology due to their novel electrical transport, optical and magnetic properties, and potential applications in nanoscale elelctronic device, nanophotonics, sensors, energy storage and transform. However, most of the common polymers are processable but is rare in functionability. Therefore, the combination of polymers and functional nanoparticles can combine their properties. On the other hand, combination of two different materials with correlative properties may produce more excellent properties.Owing to quantum-confinement effects, nanoparticles usually exhibit unique properties different from their bulk materials. Especially for the optical properties, nanoparticles have more predominance than the bulks in applications, such as optoelectronic conversion, photocatalysis, fluorescent labels, sensors and biomedical imaging et al. However, compared with the bulk ones, nanoparticles tend to aggregate or undergo Ostwald ripening because of their high surface energy. To stabilize nanoparticles, appropriate surface modifications are quite necessary. Fractal nano-stucture is a spectial nano-stucture with many advantages. On the first part of the dissertation, Cu nano-stucture based on multilay membrane fuctionalized ITO solid substrates has been successfully prepared. SEM observation was used to prove these results. On the second part of the dissertation, preparation of polydiene electrospun membranes was studied. Present work studies started with preparation of syndiotactic polybutadiene membranes via electrospinning, the effect of preparation conditions on the morphology of products have been examined. The hydrogenated and crosslinked electrospun membranes with polybutadiene as raw material are also prepared. The hydrophobic qualities of these electrospun membranes were also investigated. The conclusion is following: Syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene (s-PB) membranes are successfully prepared by the electrospinning method. It is found that dichloromethane is a unique suitable solvent for the electrospinning of s-PB fibers. With the increment in the concentration of the s-PB solution, the morphologies are changed from sphere to fiber. The diameter of spheres and fibers is ranged from 100-500 nm and 10-15μm. Syndiotactic polybutane-1(s-polybutane-1) is obtained through hydrogenating s-PB, and s-polybutane-1 sphere membranes are also prepared by electrospinning method. The average diameter of spheres is 5μm. Cross linking process of s-PB membranes are studied by ultraviolet irradiation and heat approaches. The results show that ultraviolet irradiation has no effect on crosslinking and s-PB membranes are entirely crosslinked by heating method. Contact angles of s-PB membranes, crosslinked s-PB membranes and polybutane-1 membranes were measured. The results show that these membranes have the superhydrophobic performance.On the third part of the dissertation, fabrication of sulfonated poly (arylene ether ketone) electrospun membranes was studied. Recently, researches have been focused on elctrospinning because of the preparation of ultrafine and uniform polymer fibers or sphere membranes. So far, more than fifty different polymers have been successfully elctrspun into ultrafine fiber or sphere membranes. However, there is no work related to electrospinning of any kinds of sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone). SPAEK usually contain two domain regions: hydrophilic and hydrophobic ones. The hydrophobic domains formed by none sulfonated polymer segment provide materials with mechanical strength whereas the hydrophilic domains contain sulfonated groups ensure the proton conductivity. Here, we reported the preparation of SPEEKK membranes by electrospinning for the first time. The results showed that all of the membranes can be easily obtained via electrospinning method. The morphology of resulted membranes varies from nanospheres to nanofibers with increasing concentration of SPEEKK. The results showed that the electrospun membranes had much more clearly phase separation structures than the convenient SPEEKK membranes according to their SAXS studies, and the proton conductivity of all membranes obtained by electrospinning was much higher than that of membranes prepared by solutions casting. The membranes prepared by this method should hold immense promise for the PEMFC applications.