The Synthesis Of Carbon-based And Polyaniline/O-anisidine Micro And Nano Materials Under Low-temperature In Liquid Phase And Their Properties Study

In this dissertation,low-temperature chemical synthesis approaches in liquid phase have been successfully developed to synthesize of polyaniline(PANI), poly(o-anisidine) hollow spheres and carbon-based nanocomposites.Through adjusting the concrete reactive parameters,the morphology,composition/structure, property controllable synthesis is realized.An oxidation-reduction driven approach combined with hydrothermal synthesis has been developed to fabricate well-defined conducting polymer hollow spheres.An inorganic solid template approach has also been developed to synthesis of core-shell goethite@carbon nanocomposites.The details can be summarized as following:1.We report an oxidation-reduction reaction driven hydrothermal approach that has been developed for synthesis of polyaniline(PANI) hollow spheres by one-pot polymerization of aniline using hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂) as oxidant and Fe³⁺ as catalyst.The oxidation-reduction reaction between the benzenoid unit in PANI structural chain and O₂ is a driving force for the formation of the hollow spheres. The as-prepared polyaniline hollow spheres have shown the reducing reactivity to be able to spontaneously in-situ reduce palladium metal salts to prepare PANI@Pd hybrid composite materials.These hybrid materials will be used as the heterogeneous catalysis in organic coupling reactions.2.We report a one-pot self-templated approach for synchronous fabrication-functionalization of the interior space of poly(o-anisidine) hollow structures with noble metal particles.The reduction of metal ions,the encapsulation metal particles and the formation cavity processes are involved in one synchronous core-dissolution and shell-formation processes.The oxidation-reduction reaction between the benzenoid unit in poly(o-anisidine) structural chain and O₂ is the internal driving force for the formation and increase of hollow cavity.Without extra reduction reagent and irradiation technique,Ag,and Pd particles have been encapsulated successfully into polymer shells successfully.3.A mild solvothermal approach has been designed to synthesize uniform core-shell goethite@carbon nanocomposites with 3D geometrical architectures.We adopt a mixed water/acetone solvent system to effectively restrain the usual homogeneous nucleation of carbon spheres.Meanwhile,iron oxides phase transformation and stability during low-temperature carbonization process is also investigated.With the carbonization process carrying out,there is a mass of hydrogen ions releasing into the solution.The appropriate pH range from the initial to the final is the guarantee of the formation of goethite as a single phase.