The Supply Of Ecological Compensation Though Intergovernmental Negotiation

In China,the path of reform and development which ignores ecological costs triggers the systemic risk of ecological.Systemic ecological risks need systematic restoration by ecological compensation.Ecological compensation is to restore and manage the destructed ecological environment,to protect ecology facing the threat of damaging,to punish and prohibit the actions of destruction of ecology,to advocate and reward the actions of construction of ecology,and to give compensation to those who lose development opportunities due to protection of the environment.In order to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the implementation of ecological compensation,it is necessary to explore the goods(services) attributes of ecological compensation,the main supplier,as well as the decision-making mechanism within the main supplier.Along this line of thinking,we,firstly,define the ecological compensation as some local public goods with spillover.Secondly,we affirm that it is not non-governmental sectors but government sector who could and should be the main supplier to ecological compensation,especially to compensation of ecological necessaries.Thirdly,the advantages and disadvantages are analyzed under the traditional pattern of decentralization and centralization,and illuminates what our country implements is two-tier selective decision-making mechanism,which failed to achieve the effective integration of decentralization and centralization.In the light of this,from the perspective of normalize intergovernmental relations,the paper suggests a new thought to combine the advantages of centralization and decentralization in supplying ecological compensation:two-tier negotiation mechanism,that is,first of all, the decision-making power of ecological compensation is given to local governments, to transform two-tier decision-making mechanism to one-tier decision-making mechanism.And then,the contribution of each region will be the determined through bargaining between local governments,to curl the effect of exernalities on social welfare.Lastly,the bargaining between the central government and local government will confirm the grants from central government,and thus differ between income centrobary and expenditure centrobary of the central and local government will be dissolved.Ulteriorly,this article points out that intergovernmental bargaining will contribute to the construction of core-functional zones.To obtain explicit,standard,and efficient outcome of intergovernmental negotiation,it is necessary to ensure the fairness and freedom of bargaining,which requires establishing institution to support it.