| Nano-structures generally refer to the size of 100 nm.This is because of the nano-materials with small particle size and large surface area,high surface energy,so as to form their specific three major effects: surface effects,small size effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling. National Science Foundation of Unit States estimates around one million million US dollars value of output for related nano–production in global market by the year 2015 from 2010. However,the Nano is a double-edged sword,problems arise; there are three research groups published a nano-materials report with special toxicity in the annual meeting of the American Chemical Society in 2003. Yet no study of the safety characteristics on nano-explosion has been conducted. Both dust explosion and fire prevention in industrial enterprises are critical issues. China has yearly experienced many dust explosion specialized in aluminum dust explosion , which is belong to the catastrophic accidents. It is worth further investigation because aluminum powder bears the properties of powder dust and fire explosive as well. Both particle size distribution and the shape of a particle surface are the most important factors to contribute the fire or explosion. Nano-technology is the latest technology and developing industry.So,it's very dangerous to develop a technology without understanding of their characteristics. Industry development will be affected and limited by an accident. We can not develop any control measures for explosion without understanding the safety characteristics of material which includes: MIE (minimum ignited energy),LEL (lower explosion limit),Pmax (maximum explosion pressure),dP/dt (maximum rate of pressure rise) and LOC (limiting oxygen concentration). This paper is a preventive measures and supporting concept and application of safety which is the foundation of industrial development.Literature including coal dust and gas explosion , gas explosion , the characteristics of chemical kinetics during process of combustion,the mechanization of propagation of gas (flammable gases) explosion , research on numerical simulation of the explosion,aluminum powder explosion,experimental methods,control measures of preventive measures and loss control for fire and explosion have been reviewed; but there is no safety research on any naon- aluminum powder.Both theoretical and experimental methods are employed to conduct this study. Theoretical approach to the basic combustion and explosion,the mechanization of combustion and explosion on combustible gas and solid are processed .In addition,topic on conbustion of carbon is covered. Especially,the mechanization of combustion and explosion on aluminum powder is proposed. In experimental approaching a 20- l sphere apparatus is used as the major testing equipment. Samples include 35,75,80 and 100nm of aluminum powder have been selected. Additionally,a non-nano dimension"100μm"of aluminum powder also is tested for contrast between nano and non-nano.The explosion indices include MIE (minimum ignited energy),LEL (lower explosion limit),Pmax (maximum explosion pressure); dP/dt (maximum rate of pressure rise) and LOC (limiting oxygen concentration) are measured.These technologies of prevention or loss control for fire and explosion which include oxygen concentration reduction,combustible concentration reduction,Deflagration Suppression , Pressure Containment , Spark Detection and Extinguishing Systems,Isolation Systems which will cover Rotary Valves,Flame Arresters,Automatic Fast-Acting Valve Systems,Flame Front Diverters,Chemical Isolation System and Venting of Deflagration can be referred and used. The application from system design to safety management system for these technologies of prevention or loss control for fire and explosion can be to facilities where are the manufacturing or processing and handling of combustible particulate solids,manufacture of Aluminum powder and processing and finishing of Aluminum. In the future,we may consider further investigation on other extinguishing agents like carbon dioxide or sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide and their performance on nano Aluminum powder,the influence of moisture on nano Aluminum,other studying on safety characteristics between nano and non-nano Aluminum powder,and the structure of nano Aluminum powder by atomic force microscope.
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