Car-Following Theory In Urban Expressway

The ultimately object of this dissertation lies in constructing a car-following model which can well and truly reflect the traffic flow characteristics in urban expressway in Beijing. Car following models of single lane traffic assume that there is a correlation between in a range of inter-vehicle spacing, from zero to about 100 to 125 meters and provides an explicit form for this coupling. The modeling assumes that each driver in a following vehicle is an active and predictable control element in the driver-vehicle-road system. These tasks are termed psychomotor skills or perceptual-motor skills because they require a continued motor response to a continuous series of stimuli.Car-following theory, is one of the basal traffic flow theory, has being researched since 1950's in the world. Although many models had been put into practice, because of existing defect in each model, and difference of local traffic flow characteristics, there was not one model can be accepted widely. Now with the development of ITS, the characteristics of driver behavior and car operation become the base of constructing ITS. The freeway and expressway which have important political and economic purport and were pay attention in practice were selected as the research objects of this dissertation, aiming at car-following model in freeway and expressway, the research were developed from micro characteristics of driver and car. The collusion of research can be used to avoid collision, to construct ITS, to makesimulation and estimate capacity.On the basis of reviewing the field in car following in the world, the disadvantage of time series data of car following in existing research was found in this dissertation. The direction of research breakthrough were: high precision car following field data collecting methodology without jamming, the index and methodology of classing the car following phase in expressway, constructing car following model uniform with randomicity and orderliness, train of thoughts and technology route were: starting off practice, depending on high precision instrument to collect car following data, exercising scientific theory methodology, combining with computer simulation.Dynamic car-following behavioral data collection method using the instrumented GPS vehicle was built in this paper. The collection method of time serial car-following behavioral data that puzzled lots of researcher many years was described in this paper. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of chaotic behavior in car-following fleet were described in this paper. On the basis of microcosmic and qualitative analysis of stimulation-reaction process and assembled human-car unit in car-following fleet, the inscrutability, inseparability and regularity that were necessary conditions of coming into being chaotic behavior were discussed. Then, the two mathematic simulation experimentations with speed disturbance were designed, and Liapunov exponents of car-following fleet were calculated. The variation trajectory of Liapunov exponents of car-following fleet and the variation orderliness of average speed, average headway and average space on steady condition were discussed. The inscrutability, regularity and chaos of car-following fleet were quantificationally described. The chaotic behavior of car-following fleet were validated. On the basis of time lag differential equation, the car following model were constructed.Using average acceleration index, the car following behavior were classed three phases with dynamic classing methodology, start acceleration car following phase, stable car following phase, and deceleration brake phase. According to car following data under special traffic and road condition, rule of driver reflect time were gain in start acceleration car following phase and deceleration brake phase. The change rule between headway and space headway of three phases were analysis, and the statistic model of headway and space headway with following car speed were gain. The expectation space headway in different speed under...