Effects Of Dietary Diets On Growth And Energy Budget Of Sea Cucumber, Appostichopus Japonicus Selenka

1. Effects of dietary sea mud and yellow soil on growth and energy budget of the sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)The effect of diets containing 0%,5%,10%,20%,40%,60% and 80% of yellow soil or sea mud on growth and energy budget in sea cucumber was studied. Results showed that sea cucumber obtained best growth fed with diets containing 20% yellow soil or sea mud, different percent of yellow soil or sea mud in diets affected the food ingestion, feces production and digestive ratios, and showed significant difference. As the percentage of soil or mud in the diets increased, energy lost in feces went up and energy deposited in growth went down, Sea cucumber fed with diets containing 80% yellow soil or sea mud got lowest energy from food, and sea cucumber fed with diets containing 20% yellow soil or sea mud had the highest energy deposited in growth than other diets. The average energy budget formula was 100C= 4.27G+55.44F+ 3.69U+36.60R. According to the study, sea mud in diets for sea cucumber could be replaced by yellow soil.2. The effect of different macroalgae on growth and energy budget of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)A study was conducted using diets containing 80% different seaweeds (Sargassum thunbergii, Sargassum polycystum, Laminaria japonica leaf or thallus and Laminaria japonica root) and 20% yellow soil or sea mud to generate information on growth and energy budget of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus). The results showed that there's no difference between diets containing the same proportion of sea mud and yellow soil. Sea cucumbers fed with diet containing the Laminaria japonica leaf or thallus had a significant lowest specific growth rate (SGR) in different four diets (P<0.05), and there was no different in three other diets. There was a highest level on ingestion rate of sea cucumbers fed with Laminaria japonica root diet. Sea cucumbers fed diets containing Sargassum thunbergii and Sargassum polycystum showed a highest energy deposited for growth, and had significant difference from animals fed Laminaria japonica leaf or thallus and Laminaria japonica root. The energy lost in feces accounted for the majority of the energy intake, and showed a highest percent in Laminaria japonica root treatment (64.29-65.27%).3. Effects of diatoms in diets on growth and energy allocation of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)This study investigated the effect of different percent diatoms (0%,3%,9%and 15%) on growth and energy budget in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). The result showed that there were significant differences on growth when sea cucumbers were fed diets with different percent of diatoms. Sea cucumbers fed with 9% diatoms showed the highest specific growth rate (SGR) and had the significant difference with the 0% diatoms (SS or YS treatments) treatments, no significant difference in SGR was found in diatoms treatments. The percent of energy deposited for growth raised with higher percentage of diatoms, and the percent of energy lost in feces had the same trend, however, the energy lost in respiration had the increasing trend. In this study, we found that the sea cucumber had better growth with 9% diatoms in diets, this could be helpful in the feed development for sea cucumbers.4. Effects of fishmeal on growth and energy allocation of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)This study investigated the influence of different proportions of fish meal and macroalgae (Sargassum thunbergii) on growth and energy budget in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). The result showed that the sea cucumbers fed with 15% fish meal had the highest specific growth rate (SGR), and was significantly higher than treatment containing 5% fish meal (F5 treatment) and control group (SS and YS treatments) (P<0.05), however, no significant difference was found among treatments fed with diets containing 10%,15% and 20% fish meal. The ingestion rate and feces production rate showed a descending trend as the percentage of fishmeal in diets increasing, while the food conversion efficiency showed ascending trend. Energy deposited for growth in fish meal treatments was higher than the control treatments, this indicated that there was more energy using for growth when sea cucumbers fed diets containing fish meal. It was a feasible approach for sea cucumbers fed diets containing 10-15% fish meal.5. The effect of fish meal and Laminaria japonica in diets on growth and energy allocation of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)Seven fish meal treatments (0%,7%,14%,21%,28%,35% and 42%) with macroalga (Laminaria japonica) were used to investigate the effect of different proportions of fish meal in diets on growth and energy allocation in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). The result showed that specific growth rate (SGR) in Laminaria japonica treatment was significantly lower than in Sargassum thunbergii treatment. The specific growth rate showed ascending trend as the proportion of fish meal in diets increasing, the SGR of sea cucumbers showed that the highest data (0.99% d-1) in treatment fed with diet containing 35% fish meal, however, no significant difference was found compared with the control treatment. The ingestion rate of sea cucumbers showed a parabola type as the proportion of fish meal in diets increased, the trend of the feces production rate was the same as the ingestion rate. Sea cucumbers fed diets containing 35% fish meal had the significantly highest food conversion efficiency. Energy deposited for growth was 4.63% in control group, higher than other treatments, and was lowest (2.97%) in 7% fish meal (F7) treatment. This study indicated that suitable proportion of Laminaria japonica and fish meal in diet was good for the sea cucumber culture.