Polyploidy Scallop Patinopecten Yessoensis(Jay)and Sea Cucumber Apostichopus Japonicus(Selenka)Induction

Polyploidy Ezo scallop Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay) and Japanese sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka), which are the mainly cultured scallop and echinopermata species in China, were induced with chemicals. Triploid were induced by blocking the releasing of polar body with 6- dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) on the scallop. The induction methods and larvae cultivation, veliger growth were also reported. It indicated that 6-DMAP is the proper chemical inducer on this scallop triploid induction, and the triploid juvenile ratio were 17.3%.-] 00.0%. For the large scale ploidy manipulation in scallop, it also give the methods how to get mass zygotes and the triploidy larvae cultivation. Tetraploid induction also repo~ted in this scallop. Tetraploid were induced with the inhibition of polar body I, and both polar body I and polar body II extrusion , and the first cell cleavage, by the using of cytochalasin-B(CB), colchocine, 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMA?) and coffeine respectively or combined. The results shows that the tetraploidy percentage of scallop larvae were low than 25% with the first cell cleavage inhibiting by CB, 6-DMA? and colchicine. Tetraploid can be carried out by the first polar body inhibiting with CB. The yield of tetraploid increased with the shocking initial time from 42 minutes postfertili.zation to 15-22. The highest tetraploidy percentage was 56.5% at veliger larvae shocked begin at 20-22 minutes postfertilization to 60-62 minute. Ill 憄 % ~t ~TRM D~ (Patinopecten yessaensis) ~1~U# (Apostichopwjaponucw) ft~~#i)T~ Fertilized eggs of scallop was treated with cytochalasin B to block polar body I, and the chromosomes segregation of control and shocked groups were analysis. The results shows that the fertilized egg in the control group has 4 suits of 19 chromosomes and release poiar body I and polar body II after meiosis I and II. The development of fertilized egg was asynchronous. The several special mode of chromosomes segregation, tripolar segregation, united bipolar segregation and separated bipolar segregation were observed in the treated groups during meiosis II. The mechanism of polar body I inhibition with CB were also analyzed preliminarily. The triploidy individual spawning capability and eggs size were reported. The induced spawning number of one triploidy scallop was 3.26x 106, it was 22.5% of the control. The eggs shape spawned by triploid were anomaly, it抯 diameter is 87.25 Inn, 11.7% larger in diameter and 3 9.4% in volume than control, respectively. The highest yield ratio of tetraploid by CB shocking was 41.5%. The polyploidy sea cucumber Apostichopus jciponicus (Selenka) were induced. It give a method with UV irradiated sea water to get the eggs and sperm separately, in order to control the beginning time of shocking. The shocked chemicals were CB and 6-DMAP, inhibit polar body I with 0.2 and 0.4mgIL CB density, and inhibit the polar body I and II respectively with 10,20,30,4Omg/L 6-DMAP. It shows that polyploid can be induced by the two chemicals, with 9.7%-2l.3% tetraploid percentage shocked by CB and 7.5%- 25.8% triploid percent shoked by 6-DMAP.