| Optimization of grazing system for beef cattle on sown pasture, which was on the basis of indicator and technical operation designs of grazing system and the results of test monitoring system, was to diagnose and analyze the grazing system in order to find out the problems in technical decision-making and running management and suggest optimization projects so that the grazing system was devised and monitored through test in collectivity optimization step by step by going on new improving projects and system monitoring in test monitoring system and by contrasting to the expected target until the collectivity optimization get to the required target, and go on another processing optimization for metaphase period(in a half year)and short period(in few days) problems which have not effects on the collectivity optimization.The studies, which were conducted in the Beef Cattle and Pasture Research Center of Yunnan Province (XSBC System) and on Yunnan Sheep Breeding Farm(ZYCBC System) in northeast of Yunnan, are aimed to set up optimum production model of beef cattle grazing system on sown pasture for sustainable development of stockbreeding on the Yun-Gui plateau pasture on the basis of state key projects during the "Sixth-Five" Projects, "Seventh-Five" Projects and "Eighth-Five" Projects by implementing the methods which could combined system monitoring and measures with complicated research, test research with model utilization and single breakthrough with system optimization. The mixed sown pasture of white clover and cocksfoot, which was the most typical grassland type on the Yun-Gui plateau, and the ideal beef cattle varieties such as shorthorn and cross-bred breed cattle by three components (BMY), which were adapted to be raised and grazed on the pasture in the south of China were studied as follows: Firstly, the basic data regarding pasture production, beef cattle production, grazingmanagement and running management inside and outside of China were collected in flocks on the basis of collectivity optimization for beef cattle grazing system on sown pasture and a whole set of system of indicator management for beef cattle production had been studied on the whole aspects in order to manage every factor affecting on grazing system in fix quantity. Secondly, according to the results of the key scientific and technical projects of state during "Eighth-Five" Projects, and combined with researches on the ones during "Ninth-Five" Projects, the advanced monitoring, analysis technique and means of the sown pasture grazing system outside of China were explored, transplanted and improved so that the self-contained monitoring system of sown pasture grazing system in fix quantity in the south of China and the monitoring means responded to it would be set up. Thirdly, the beef cattle grazing system on the sown pasture would be monitored on the basis of monitoring means as well as monitoring system in fix quantity. Fourthly, the results of monitoring would be analyzed in dynamics and feed back in information so as to be adjusted and controlled in process by contrasting to the target managing system. The research results showed as follows:l.A set of index managing system on soil fertility, herbage production, beef cattle production, beef cattle reproductive performance, grazing management and technical operation have been established for the first time, on the basis of which every factor affecting on the beef cattle grazing system was managed successfully in fix quantity.2. Herbage production, animal production and animal products have been affected by the stocking rate, animal intake, animal reproduction (calving date, lambing date), herbage growth and grazing management and so forth five key factors. The weather, soil, herbage production on pasture, animal production, grazing management and running management and so on six factors were the basic items of monitoring grazing system in quantity on sown pasture.3.The pasture growth rate of XSBC system and ZYCBC system was increased from 1998 to 2000, which growth cur... |
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