| A extraction medium with low pH and high salts concentration, which avoids ionization and oxidation of phenolic compounds during tissue grinding and precipitation of large amounts of materials, were successfully used to extract the total DNA from the leaf of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). The DNA yield, quality and purity were characterized. These extracted DNA could be used directly for RAPD analysis, which was useful as molecular genetic marker, and digested with restriction enzymes. A fast, inexpensive and reliable procedure has been developed for detecting the genetic diversity of Arachis hypogaea.The results of RAPD may be influenced by many factors. The results suggested that, the reaction to get good amplified results should be performed in a reaction system containing 50mmol/LKCl, 1 Ommol/LTris-HCl (pH9.0), 0.1%Triton-100, primer 20~40ng, dNTPs 0.2 nmol/ul, BSA l~2ug/ul, MgCb 1.5nmol/ul, Taq polymerase 0.5~1 U (Sangon Ltd. products), genomic DNA 30~60ng.Genetic relationship among cultivars of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) was analyzed using the method of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The 20 primers of the 80 decamer nucleotide primers screened showed consistent banding patterns and amplification and produced 180 bands with 132 polymorphic, with an average of 9 bands each primer. The similar indices among the cultivars ranged from 0.6335 to 0.8872. The cultivars Jinh.ua 39-2-29 and Jinhua 39-2-51 had the highest similar indices of 0.8872. And they were classified into the same group with Quanhua 10, one of their parent. The cultivar of TW04 from Taiwan had the lowest similar indices with any other cultivars screened. The result of clustering indicated that RAPD technique is a valuable and reliable method to identify and classify peanut cultivars.Various effectors of RAPD have been studied, taking T. jackii Chun as a material. The optimal RAPD reaction system for T. jackii Chun was determined. It contained 50 mmol/L KCK 10mmol/LTris-HCl(pH9.0) , 0.1% Triton-100, 2 nmol/ul MgCl2x 0.6 nmol/ul dNTPs, 0.75 U Taq DNA polymerase ^ 30 ng primes and about 100 ng genomic DNA in a total volume of 15 ul.Screened 18 primers which was detected polymorphism from 80 random primers to amplify the genome of 66 T. jackii samples from populations. These 18 primers could detected 199 reproducible fragments among which there were 176 reproducible polymorphism fragments. The data was analyzed with threesoftware: TFPGA, POPGENE32 and AMOVA155 which are tools for molecular analysis. The percentage of polymorphic sites x Nei's gene diversity index and Shannon's Information index ^ genetic similarity index and unbiased genetic distance among 3 populations ^ the percentage of variance among and within population and gene flow was analyzed.The percentage of polymorphic sites at the level of species was 86.93%, and they were 83?cK 68% and 80% at the level of population. Nei's gene diversity index is 0.2479 at the level of species, And they were 0.2182 in population from Jiangshi Nature Reserve -, 0.1684 in population from Xufanggeng and 0.1881 in population from Xufan Reservoir at the level of population. The result of Shannon's information index was correspondent with the result given above. So it was enlightened that the species ofT.jackii still had a high level of genetic diversity.The percentage of variance among populations was 30.35%, and it was 69.65% within populations. The result was correspondent with Gst and Fst analysis. It was enlightened that the living space of the species was small and maybe contracting.The gene flow index of the species was 1.6899, it was enlightened that the species still had the ability to recover from its danger situation through the genetic communication among populations.Genetic relationship among Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook) Provenances were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Of the 80 decamer nucleotide primers screened, 20 showed consistent banding patterns and amplification and produced 149 bands with 115 polymorphic, wit...
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