Study On The Quality Comparison Of Medicinal Materials Of Panax Ginseng And Panax Quinquefolius Cultivated In China And In Foreign Countries

The comparison of morphology, micro-structure, powder identification, HPLC figure, GC figure, harmful heavy metals and residual organochlorine pesticides were studied among Panax ginseng cultivated in China (i.e. Chinese ginseng), Chinese red ginseng, Panax ginseng cultivated in Korea (i.e. Korean ginseng), Korean red ginseng, Panax quinquefolius cultivated in China (i.e. Chinese gen-seng) and Panax quinquefolius cultivated in Canada (i.e. American ginseng). The results showed that these different types of ginseng have many different characteristics respectively. The significance of studying these differences lies in its providing scientific basis for quality evaluating system of the medicinal material marketThe results of morphological study of medicinal materials of different samples showed that compared with Korean ginseng, Chinese ginseng is thicker and longer. It is gray-yellow and of several branches, lark phellem, many obvious wrinkles, white or light yellow section, dense brown-red cortex which is farinaceous, obviously brown-yellow cambium, and darker color in xylem than in cortex. Compared with Chinese ginseng, Korean ginesng is thinner, shorter and whiter. It is of no branches but incurvate, no phellem, unintelligible white wrinkles on the surface, white section, loose cortex with some holes which is farinaceous, wax white like xylem, and unintelligible gray cambium, light weight Compared with American ginseng, Chinese gen-seng is thicker, shorter and lighter yellow or white-yellow. It is of many irregular vertical wide wrinkles and a few across-ring ones, several deep dark brown bark-hole like big scars, white section with same color of cortex and xylem, cortex with some holes, obviously gray-yellow cambium, some radial grain with irregular cracks, lower density, and light weight Compared with Chinese gen-seng, American ginseng is longer, thinner and yellowish-brown. It is of a few irregular vertical wrinkles and many across-ring ones, white or brown park-hole like small scars, white cortex, dense yellow-white xylem without holes, obviously yellow-white cambium, unintelligible radial grains, no crack, and heavy weight. Compared with Korean red ginseng, Chinese ginseng is light brown and easy to break. It is of obviously vertical wide wrinkles and across-ring ones whose upper part is dense, heavy weight, mild bitter taste shortly sustaining in mouth, obviously cambium, and no crack. Compared with Chinese red ginseng, Korean ginseng is brown and difficult to break. It is of little unintelligible close grain, heavy weight long-sustaining bitter taste, unintelligible cambium, and some cracks.The results of observing paraffin wax slices of different samples showed that compared with Korean ginseng, Chinese ginseng has many clusters of calcium oxalate crystalloid (i.e. CCOCs) in phellem, some big vertical cracks without across-ring small ones in phloem, a few vessels, broad xylem ray, and many CCOCs in xylem. Compared with Chinese ginseng, Koreanginseng is no phellem, of many CCOCs in cortex, some vertical big cracks and across-ring small ones in phloem, many dense vessels, narrow xylem ray, and many CCOCs in xylem. Chinese red ginseng and Korean red ginseng both have irregular phellem cells, many vertical big cracks and across small one in phloem near inner phellem, obvious cambium, and densely many vessels, narrow xylem ray, some vertical big cracks and across small one in phloem in Korean red ginseng, and a few vessels, broaden xylem ray, rare CCOCs in xylem in Chinese red ginseng. Compared with American ginseng, Chinese gen-seng is of a lot of CCOCs in phellem, a few ones in phloem and rare ones in xylem, some vertical big cracks without across small one, unintelligible cambium, densely many vessels and obviously xylem ray with small cracks in phloem. Compared with Chinese gen-seng, American ginseng is of rare CCOCs in phellem and xylem, a few ones in phloem, some vertical big cracks and across-ring small cracks in phloem, few vessels, xylem ray with big and small cracks in xylem.The res...