| Wheat is the second leading crop which sown area is next to the rice in china. It is of great immediate significance for developing economy and raising people's living standard. Paying more attention to improve wheat varieties is an important measure to promote wheat production. Wheat improvement can' t do well without development of new wheat germplasm. Using distant hybridization, some profitable genes from the relative species and genus of Tritium can be introduced into common wheat to widen the wheat genetic background and create new valuable genetic resources. Therefore, distant hybridization is one of important way to make a new breakthrough and stride a new footstep in wheat breeding.Barley has many profitable properties, such as early-maturity, poly-flowery and ploy-grain character, saline-alkali tolerance, resistance to ear sprouts, high content of lysine, suitable for late sowing, small influence to xeothermic wind, and high resistance to yellow dwarf, powdery mildew and rust, etc. If these profitable properties are introduced into common wheat, it will possess the important meaning to enrich wheat germplasm and improve the wheat breeding. For the .first time, Kruse had hybridized successfully between T.aestivum and H. vulgar, and gained hybrid seed in 1973. Soon afterwards Islam cultivated 6 barley alien addition lines. Henceforth, extensive research on distant hybridization between wheat and barley was carried on in home and abroad. However, as the rising of wheat production horizon, it is absolutely necessary that new different alien additional lines, alien substitution line and translocation line need to be created constantly to satisfy the wheat breeding requirement for germplasm under the new situation. Furthermore accurate detection and identification of barley alien gene in wheat will contribute to raise the selection effect and accelerating the course of germplasm innovation.This research was carried on the work foundation of wheat-barley hybridizes of former work. High affinity parents of barley and wheat were collected and selected as parent to have carried a great deal crosses between wheat and barley. Some alien additional lines with steady heredity were selected from the material of wheat-barley hybrid progenies. Some alien substitution lines and translocation lines were derived from these alienadditional lines by means of nullisomic backcrossing method and irradiation method. For further study and utilization these wheat-barley materials, systematic identification ways were adopted, such as chromosome C-banding, APAGE of gliadin and SDS-PAGE of HMW-GS, GISH and RAPD markers etc. Some exceptional germplasm materials with good character were selected by observing their agronomy characters and appraising their resistance, and some new strains of wheat-barley were cultivated by combining the convention breeding. The main results as follows:Hybridization between wheat and barley was particularly difficult, and its seed setting percentage is very low. The average percentage of seed setting was only 1.14% when common wheat were used as maternal parent, and the seed setting percentage of two-rowed barley rose 0.48% than that of male parent. The seed setting of different wheat varieties was different, and the average percentage of seed setting was the highest (3. 01%) among whole varieties when " 7182" variety was used as female parent. Many methods such as pollination in tender age, repeatedly pollination and hormone processing etc, could raise effectively the seed setting of hybridization. The seed of wheat-barley hybrids generally grew abnormally, and universally showed small and wrinkling. Wheat-barley hybrids were obtained by immature embryo cultivating after pollinating 14-15d. The morphology of the hybrids and its backcross progenies inclined predominantly to the wheat parent and seldom showed barley morphology character. The hybrids plants were self-sterile and hybrid progenies were obtained when the hybrids were backcrossed with common wheat.Three relatively stable diso...
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