| The southwest hot-dry valley region, which is in the middle reaches of Jinsha River, is composed of parts of the regions of Pan-Xi and Chuxiong. The main climate characteristics are that there are abundant heat and sunlight resource and a distinct dry season (from November to next April) and a rainy season (from May to October) every year. In recent years, as the wine market keeps growing, the region has already been developing to become one of the most production areas of vine and wine.For changing the singleness situation of grapevine varieties cultivated, the region has been introducing the widely adaptive grapevine varieties of Vitis vinifera L. But under the normal viticulture mode, the grapes matured just in the rainy season, and the wine grape were difficult to attain perfect maturity due to the fungi diseases and insect pests. The problem was to make the berry maturity period change from the rainy season to the dry season. By analyzing the meteorological factor, it was concluded that the unreasonable distribution of precipitation was the biggest restrictive factor for grape production in the region, but the necessary ecological conditions existed to produce a high-quality grape and wine in the dry season.Therefore, it was necessary to investigate the theories and feasible cultivation mode for grape fruit maturity regulation, and then make its fruit harvest in the dry season by controlling the growth of grapevine. It not only improved the wine quality but also lowered the production cost, and could also regulate the marketing time of the wine, especially the fresh table wine. This study would exert profound actual and theoretical meaning to develop large-scale vine and wine industry in the hot-dry valley region in the southwestern China.The most important conclusion was that the delayed cultivation would be a better mode of viticulture in the southwest hot-dry valley by contrasting the normal, the delayed and the promoted viticulture mode in this research. The harvest time would be delayed until the middle of November under the delayed mode. As the grape's maturity period was changed from the rainy season to the dry season, the infection of fungi diseases and insect pests decreased directly. As a result, the quality of berry was advanced greatly. The delayed cultivating mode was made the foundation for the production of organic grape and wine.As the same time, some basic studies relating to grape fruit maturity regulation such as the bud dormancy characteristics, the relation between bud dormancy and chilling exposure, and the effects of chemicals on breaking dormancy were studied in this research.In 1999, the introductory trial was done with 'Merlot', 'ZinfandeF and 'Cabernet Sauvignon' which came from California and 8804 in Xichang experimental vineyard. 8804 had stronger ability of anti-fungi diseases than other cultivars. The mature degree of fruit of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' was mediocre (Soluble solids=17.5%, total sugar/total acid=15.9) for making wine, whereas 'ZinfandeP was poor (Soluble solids =14.5%, total sugar/total acid =8.7). The four varieties were not fit to make good wine under the normal cultivation mode in the southwest hot and dry region.The research on delayed cultivating mode was done with 'Merlot' and 'ZinfandeP that had been cultivated for 3 years in Xichang experimental vineyard in 2000.With the first growing bunch removed, shoots were pruned to 3-4 buds at 20d, 40d, 60d and 80d after the first blossoming respectively in order to force the hibernacula to sprout, and then the second fruiting were produced by hibernacula accessory shoots. The results indicated that under the delayed cultivating method; 'ZinfandeP expressed better capacity of fruiting in off-season. The maturity of two varieties could be postponed to 10-20 in Nov. In the treatments, the maximum data of soluble solids and total sugar appeared in the treatment 60d after blossoming. Fruit soluble solids of 'Merlot' and 'ZinfandeP reached 21.2 癇e and 20.5 "Be (CK were 17.6 "Be and 17.4 癇e) and the tot... |
PDF Full Text Request