| A genetic model for quantitative traits of seed in diploid plant was applied to analyze the genetic main effects and genotype x environment (GE) interaction effects for rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) quality traits including glucosinolate content (GSLC), erucic acid content (EAC), protein content (PC), oil content (OC), palmitic acid content (PAC), oleic acid content (OAC), linoleic acid content (LAC), linoleinc acid content (LLAC) and eicosenoic acid content (EIAC). The eight parents were Youcai 601, Gaoyou 605, Huashuang 3, Yunyou 8, Zhongyou 821, Eyouchangjia, Zhong R-888 and Tower. Analysis of diploid embryo, cytoplasm and diploid maternal genetic effects and their GE interaction effects for rapeseed quality traits, and the genetic correlation analysis among quality traits was conducted by using two year data. The genetic relationship between rapeseed quality traits and plant agronomic traits was also analyzed by using a mixed model approaches, which could estimate the genetic covariances between two traits with unequal design matrices. The predication for value of parents and heterosis of F2 were also anlysised in this experiment.The quality traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) were simultaneously affected by genetic main effects as well as their GE interaction effects from embryo, cytoplasm and maternal genes. It was found that GSLC and EAC in rapeseed were mainly controlled by genetic main effects. The genetic main effects from different genetic systems for GSLC and EAC were more important than GE interaction effects. OC, PC, OAC, LLAC and EIAC were simultaneously controlled by genetic main effects and GE interaction effects, but the GE interaction effects had play the main role of gene expression for these traits in different genetic systems.It was found that GSL and EAC in rapeseed were mainly controlled by maternal effects, followed by cytoplasmic effects. Because of the larger maternal dominance interaction effects for GSL, the maternal dominance effect was easier affected by the environment conditions. OAC was mainly controlled by embryo additive effect and LAC was mainly controlled by embryo dominance effect. It was found by the GE interaction effects that the maternal interaction effects for OC, PC and EIAC, and embryo dominance interaction effect for LLAC were more important. It was suggested by the larger additive and cytoplasmic variances and their interaction variance that additive and cytoplasmic effects were more important than other genetic effects for EAC, OC, PC, PAC, OAC, LAC and LLAC of rapeseed. Better effect for improving these quality traits of rapeseed could be achieved by selection in early generations.The total narrow-sense heritabilities for GSLC, EAC, OAC, LAC and OAC were high, andthe general heritabilities were found to be larger than the GE interaction heritabilities, but it was in the contrary for OC, PC LLAC and EIAC. Cytoplasmic interaction heritability for LAC and embryo interaction heritability for LLAC were more important than other heritability components. The general heritabilities revealed that GSLC was mainly controlled by cytoplasmic heritability and maternal heritability, PAC, OAC and LAC were controlled by embryo heritability. For GE interaction heritability, OAC, OAC, LAC and EAC were mainly controlled by cytoplasmic and maternal interaction heritabilities, LLAC was mainly controlled by embryo interaction heritability, EIAC was controlled by maternal interaction heritability.The phenotypic correlation and genotypic correlation components for quality traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) were analyzed. It was found that genetic main correlations and GE interaction correlations from different genetic systems including diploid embryo, cytoplasmic and diploid maternal plant were mostly significant for the pairwise quality traits, especially for the relationships among fatty acid components of rapeseed. The GE interaction relationships from different genetic systems were more vital than genetic main relationships among the pairwise traits, and the r...
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