Studies On Microbial Fertilizer And Microecological Effects

In this paper, the author applied the microbial fertilizer to the field to promote the useful microbes to be dominant and control over the useless microbes to a low level permitted, and to make the field s soil a well status, plants grow well in the soil and its ability of anti-disease .By the end, we can get high production, very good quality of products, and the optimal economic, social and environmental effects.This paper mainly includes the following aspects:1. the selection of useful microbes in microbial fertilizer; 2. the interaction of the strains of the microbial fertilizer and the studies of the best fermentation method; 3. the selection the carriers of the microbial fertilizer; 4. the study of the manufacturing technology of microbial fertilizer; 5.the study of effects of fertilizer in soil-pot experiment ; and 6. the studies of effects of fertilizer and environment in the field experiment by analyzing of organic matter, pH value, amount of microbes, dissolved N, P, K, soil respiration rate, the growth of plants fertilized and the quality of plant products.The paper studied the intercontradicting effects among the strains (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Actinomycetes sp.) selecting from Heilongjiang different soils by the Applying Microbial Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences. From the strains, we tamed and selected some nonintercontradicting strains. By using the selected strains(tamed and selected from these experimental strains), the author investigate media and techniques for fermentation industrial production, and its two workshops with yield of 3000 tons fermented liquid and yield 20000 tons of microbial fertilizer.By testing the microbial living surviving on the 4 media(lignite, perlite, vermiculite and Peat) sterilized by 3 different sterilizing method(Barshteur, high temperature, y -ray sterilization), the author discovered that gamma-ray sterilizing way was the best and lignite combined with peat(4:1)was the best sterilizing method and carrier respectively for the fertilizer microbes.The pot experiments indicated that soil condition were improved. The results showed microbial fertilizer might take place of chemical fertilizer by the degree of 40%, and the quality of products, the amount of available of N, P, K, and amount of organic matter, and quantity of the microbes in the soil fertilized increase. The field experiment provided the same increase results as that from soil experiment. It also showed some better results in some aspects, such as increasing amount of organic matter, increasing the quantity of microbes, increasing the ability of anti-diseases. Through the above data, the author concluded that microbial fertilizer could have a widely use in future, especially in improving soil microecological enviroment and establish orgonic and sustainable agriculture for crop enterprises. These benefits of microbial fertilizer could not be replaced by chemical fertilizers.