Study On The Technology Of Monitoring Winter Wheat Grain Protein Contenton On Regional Scale By Remote Sensing

Food is quite important worldwidely because it is necessary in everyday life, especially in China where there is increasing number of population to be fed. In terms of planting area and yield, the importance of wheat is the second in crops. The bread, biscuit, macaroni, steamed bread, dumpling and other food are all favorable by people, also they are main food in many country.The wheat grain quality influences not only the quality of bread , dumpling and others, but also the flour process in factory. The wheat grain protein yield is a measure to evaluate the life nutrition status. The wheat quality are put more and more attention by agronomist, grain dealer, food producer and farmer. Now in many countries, the wheat with high protein will be given more premiums in deal.The information of wheat quality can help to buy wheat, shortening test time and improving test efficient. Then feedback of the information of wheat quality and acculating knowledge and rule of wheat quality will guild breeding and management wheat in practice.The use of remote sensing technique in crop yield estimation offers advantages of rapidity, high precision, and wide applicability. This technology has recorded considerable success in wheat yield estimation of large area both in China and abord. Especially in recent years, with the development theory and technology of remote sensing and precision agriculture, remote sensing has more and more be used to monitor crop pigment, water, nitrogen status and other biophysical and biochemistry parameters to provide information to support decision making. Another advantage of remote sensing is that satellite can revisit the same region in some date intervals which makes it possible to monitor the grow process of crop. All these technologies gives potential to predict the wheat grain quality by remote sensing.The research of monitoring crop quality by remote sensing started last ten years, however monitoring wheat grain quality was put into research just last 3-5 years and mainly focused on wheat quality in plot where many environment factors were same, but in large area on regional scale, there are soil, temperature , precipitation difference which play important role in wheat grain quality. Monitoring and predicting wheat quality in largearea on regional scale is more complex than that in plot.What are the agricultural mechanism and method of monitoring wheat grain quality by remote sensing? More experiments and researchs are needed.In this research the internal and outnal factores to wheat quality were systemicly analysed, according to the remote sensing spectral response mechanism, the method to monitor wheat quality was presented, which is to monitor wheat biophysical and biochemistry at different growth stage by muti-temperal remote sensing, link wheat agronomic quality model and remote sensing model to predict wheat quality.The main contents of the study are as following:1. The agronomic mechanism for monitor wheat grain protein was analysised. Individual agronomic parameters(chlorophyll content, water content and nitrogen content) and grain protein content were correleted, and this was the base to use hyperspectral remote sensing or portable instruments to monitor wheat protein. Colony agronomic parameters (chlorophyll content density, equivalent water thickness and nitrogen content density) and grain protein content were correlated, and this is the base for mutispectral remote sensing to monitor grain protein content.2. By comparing the relationship between protein content and agronomic parameters in 2003 and 2004, there were difference to the same paremeters. This was because the difference of climate in different year, especially the difference of temperature and precipitation at the late growing stage.3. The wheat protein content was modeled by individual agronomic parameters or colony agronomic parameters at different growth stage using partial least squre(PLS) and general regression Neural Network (GRNN). The model was quite good, both the individual agronomic parameters or colony agronomic parametes has potential to monitor protein content.4. The wheat biophysical and biochemistry parameters (colony agronomic parameters and individual agronomic parameters) was retrieved by ground hyperspectral, ground multispectral and air-borne multispectral remote sensing parameters. The hyperspectral indices has power not only to retrieval colony agronomic parameters but also to retrieval individual agronomic parameters. However ground and air-borne mutispectral indices has power to retrieval colony agronomic parameters.5. Although both ground and air-borne multispectral indices have power to retrieval colony agronomic parameters, to retrieve the same agronomic parameters, the same multispectral indices are different because of the differenc of sample acquirent time, scale, and bidirection reflectance.6. The grain protein content was related to ground hyperspectral, ground mutispectral and air-borne mutispectral indices at different wheat growth stage, and some spectral indices were found to correlate the protein content remarkably. The protein can be modeled...