| Amur corktree (Phellodendron omurense Rupr.) is valuable and famous resources of lignum and pharmacal plant in Chinese traditional medicine, which cortex phellodendri, Berberine, jatrorrhizine and palmatine are main alkaloids focused by the investigators. In this paper, we have discussed the growth and main medicinal compositions of Amur corktree seedlings by using water stress, light intensities, color films and nitrogen forms and so on. We want to provide the basic information for gaining high yield medicinal compositions when people artificially plant Amur corktree seedlings in the future.(1) In the studies of four water treatments, control, mild drought, severe drought and waterlogging (soil water potential) were controlled in the ranges of -40~-20 KPa,-80~-60 KPa,<-80 KPa and -20~0 Kpa, in which plants were cultivated in a soil pond with the technique of root-sphere osmotic irrigation. The research described as following:The biomass of Amur corktree seedlings was the best under normal water treatment than other treatments and became to decline alone with the degree of drought enhancement. The inhibitory actions of waterlogging to biomass became stronger than drought conditions. After 60 d under stress treatments, the total chlorophyll contents and the ratio a/b of leaves under waterlogging treatments were significantly lower than control groups.The MDA contents in Amur corktree seedlings under mild drought, severe drought and waterlogging treatments were significantly higher than those in the control. Free proline contents in severe drought treatment arrived at the highest, whereas SOD, POD and CAT activities were remarkably higher in severe drought than the treatment groups of mild drought, waterlogging treatments and control.The mild drought treatments were advantageous to the synthesis and accumulation of berberine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine and waterlogging. Three alkaloids contents in Amur corktree seedling did not have significant difference under the treatments of severe drought compared with control groups but declined greatly under the treatments of waterlogging. Three alkaloid contents of single plant yield in control were highest, and then weakened in the order of mile drought, severe drought and waterlogging.(2) Shading control experiments were designed with shade-cloth to achieve four different irradiances of 100%,75%,50% and 25% of full sunlight, respectively.The growing conditions of 75% light intensity of Amur corktree seedlings arrived at the best and decreased with the order of the intensity of full sunlight,50% and 25%. The biomass reduced ensuing from the weakness of light intensity. The contents of chlorophyll increased and the ratios a/b of chlorophyll decreased alone with the weakness of light intensity.With the increase of environmental light intensity, MDA contents of Amur corktree seedlings, activities of SOD, POD and CAT were all enhanced.Full sunlight advantaged the synthesis and accumulation of berberine, jatrorrhi/.ine and palmatine. The weaker light intensity was, the lower contents of three alkaloids became. And the contents of three alkaloids of single plant yield of Amur corktree seedlings reached the peak under 75% light intensity.Above all, the conditions of 75% light intensity of full sunlight highly were advantageous to cultivate Amur corktree seedlings in order to obtain both higher biomass and more berberine, jatrorrhizine and palmatine of single plant yield.(3) The seedlings were also shaded by red, yellow, blue and green films which light intensities were respectively 51.8%, 60.7%, 26.9% and 24.9% of full sunlight in a greenhouse for 100 days. The sunlight was used as the control.The four kinds of color films played differently inhibitory roles in the growth of Amur corktree seedlings, in which the inhibition of blue films and green films functioned strongest, red films' lower and yellow films' lowest. After the treatments of color films, the contents of chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were higher than the contents of control groups, in which the contents of chlorophyll under blue films arrived at the highest and the ratios -of chlorophyll a/b were comparatively low but there were not exactly rules in other treatments. According the results of last sample, chlorophyll contents expressed with the order of blue films > red films > yellow films > green films > controls.The growth of Amur corktree seedlings was positively inhibited by the shade of four-color films. The results showed that the inhibitory functions of yellow films were lowest and then that of the red films were lower but the inhibitory functions of blue and green films arrived at highest.The soluble protein contents of all Amur corktree seedlings shaded by color films were remarkably higher than that of the control. The activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase of the seedlings under the treatment of blue film were higher remarkably than that of the control. The activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase of the seedlings under the treatment of green film was remarkably lower than that of the control, moreover that of red films and yellow films basically kept the same levels with that of control.Apparently, the treatments under color films inhibited the synthesis and accumulation of berberine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine of Amur corktree seedlings in different degree. The inhibitory functions of red films were relatively unimportant and next to yellow films and that the contents of three alkaloids were very little after the treatments of blue and green films. In conclusion, the contents of three alkaloids of single seedling yields were lower than control groups after treatments of four color films. The contents of berberine under the treatments ofred films were significantly higher than that of the treatments of yellow films but the contents of jatrorrhizine and palmatine under the treatments of red and yellow films did not have significant difference and the three alkaloid yields under the treatments of blue and green films always kept lowest levels. So treatments of color films didn't advantage the accumulation of biomass and the three alkaloids of Amur corktree seedlings.(4) The ratio of nutrient solution were shifted in proportion to its NfV-N/NOj-N with five groups, which were 100AK 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 n 0/100 and the total nutrient concentration were all 15.0 mmol/L.The nutrient solution with a higher NO3" ratio was benefit for the growth of Amur corktree seedlings than with a higher NH4+-N ratio, and the contents of chlorophyll and soluble proteins in leaves of this treatment were higher as well. The highest biomass occurred when NH/-N/NCV-N ratio reached 25/75. GS activities in Amur corktree seedlings increased under the more NH/-N ratio provided, while NR activity increased under the little NO3"-N ratio provided.More NCb'-N supplies were advantage to berberine accumulation in root and stem. Jatrorrhizine contents arrived highest when NH/-N/NCV-N ratios were 0/100 in root. The jatrorrhizine contents were highest when NH4+-N/NO3"-N ratios were 75/25 and 25/75 in stem after 46 d of treatments. The variation in palmatine contents in root and stem were similar to NH/-N and NO3-N ratios. The contents of palmatine corresponding NHZ-N/NC^'-N from high level to low level were 25/75>50/50>75/25>0/100 > 100/0. after 46 d. Berberine productions were highest when NH/-N/NCV-N ratios were 0/100. The jatrorrhizine and palmatine productions were highest when NIL^-N/NCh'-N ratios were 25/75.More supplies of NCV-N ratio were advantage to growth and three alkaloids accumulation of Amur corktree seedlings.
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