| In this paper, by virtue of the principles of water balance and maximum capacity of forest interception storage, the hydrological characteristics such as rainfall interception, absorption, and conservation by forest crown, shrubbery, vegetation, litter, and its soil of the main vegetations in Huangqian Reservoir, Tai'an, Shandong China were examined as to provide the base for the restoration and management of reservoir. The results were as follows.Different forest appeared the varied rainfall canopy interception storage. The highest rainfall interception ability was coniferous forest, followed by broad-leaved forest and then soft deciduous broadleaved forest. For example, the canopy interception maximum adsorption of Pinus tabulaeformis, Castanea mollissima, Robinia pseudoacacia and Diospyros kaki was 15mm, 13mm, 11mm and 11mm, respectively. With the increase of forest intensity, both the forest canopy interception and stemflow were enhanced, while its throughfall was decreased. In addition, the canopy interception ability of mixed-leaved forest was higher than that of pure forests. And among the forests, the canopy interception ability of Pinus tabulaeformis and Castanea mollissima mixed forest was highest. Also, the forest volume of canopy interception was higher than that of its water conservation, and the relation expressions between of them was Y=-0.6893X +19.329 (r=0.9309) . The evaporation capacity of canopy was 4.5～6mm or so, which was 9.68%～12.90% of total rainfall, on the condition of 46.5 mm one-off rainfall and the rainfall duration of 6.6 hours.18.6 mm of the cherry forest interception was highest among the economic forest, the apricot forest. And the interceptions of diospyroskaki forest, jujube forest, Chinese chestnut forest ranged from 13.5 mm to 14.9 mm and displayed a tiny distinct.The adsorption proportion of forest undergrowth was 50-70% of its own weigh, and that of its litter was 1.1～3.9 times of its own weigh. The adsorption volume of forest undergrowth and litter was evaluated with the increase of rainfall duration. The adsorption ability of broad-leaved forest was higher than that of coniferous forest, and that of soft deciduous broadleaved forest was higher than that of hard deciduous broadleaved forest. The relation expression between the undergrowth loading and its maximum water conservation was Y=0.0675X+0.6721 (r=0.8683) , which Y is its maximum water conservation and x is undergrowth loading.What is more, the relationship between undergrowth and the soil erosion was closed, and the degree of soil erosion would be increased to 339～861t/km2 a without the cover of litter.Total porosity and capillary porosity were negative to soil bulk density. With the depth, soil bulk density was higher. Total porosity and non-capillary porosity, however, were degraded. Soil maximum water holding capacity was 1500t/hm~2 and the rain was absorbed totally by forest soil so that the surface runoff was unable to form. Among six kinds of vegetation, the soil penetration performance of acacia forest will be the best, then diospyroskaki forest and Chinese chestnut forest, then shady slope Chinese pine woodland and Viex negundo forest, while the worst will be Chinese chestnut forest.In terms of surface runoff and soil erosion, the least is acacia forest, then persimmon forest, Chinese chestnut forest and Chinese pine woodland. Water and soil conservation was acacia forest > persimmon forest > Chinese chestnut forest > Chinese pine forest > persimmon forest. Under the same precipitation, undergrowth runoff was followed by sunny slope acacia forest > shady slope Chinese pine > shady Chinese pine.Altogether, each part of forest vegetation, such as acacia forest and Chinese pine woodland, all has more distribution rate for rainfall. But for cherry forest and apricot forest, which is used for the purpose of economical output, canopy interception appeared more proportion for rainfall distribution. For undergrowth and its litter, basically they don't participate in this distribution, which the physical characteristics of soil is worse. In term of forest hydrological effect, that of forest undergrowth is far different compared to that of forest vegetation. |
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