Research On Species Coexistence Of Five Kinds Of Rodents In Forestry Area In Northeast

Rodent community was researched in the northeast forestry area between 2004 and 2006 based on Sciurus vulgaris, Eutamias sibirics, Apodemus peninsulae, Clethrionemys rufocanus, Clethrionemys rutilus, On three different space dimensions namely the species geographical distribution of the physics factor chooses and the habitat chooses; Thirdly, studying on the coexistence mechanism of the same region forest rodents in the food resource and the using methods of the species. The study provides the theory basis in researching the structure, function, the stabilizing mechanism of forest ecosystem, the species diversity protect and the damage of controlling rodent.The contents and results of the study are as follows:1. The rodent community and the law of distribution in the northeast forestry area. The study adopts the method inquiring into the rodent quantity and uses clustering analysis to divide the community of rodents. In the forest ecosystem studied, community of dominant species is combined with different species of rodent community including Eurasian nutcrackers, Eutamias sibiricus, Apodemus peninsulae, Clethrionomys rufocanus, Clethrionomys rutilus, Apodemus agrarius. In the north of Da Xing'an Mountain area, C. rufocanus, C. rutilus(A. peninsulae)is community of dominant species. In ChangBai Mountain and WanDa Mountain, A. peninsulae, C. rufocanus (A. agrarius) are community of dominant species. In Qian mountain A. peninsulae, A. agrarius are the dominant species. In the ChangBai Mountain, Qian mountain, WanDa Mountain, begin from A. peninsulae, C. rufocanus to A. peninsulae, A. agrarius and A. agrarius, A. peninsulae that is from forest vegetation to shrub. In Xiao Xing'an Mountain area, begin from C. rufocanus, C.rutilus, A. peninsulae, by A. peninsulae, C. rufocanus to A. peninsulae, A. agrarius and A. agrarius, A, peninsulae that is the distribution rule of community. It is typically from forest vegetation to shrub. The communities of Microtus maximowiezii and C.rutilus are distributed in communities of Da Xing'an Mountain area. The communities of Microtus fortis and A. agrarius are distributed in ChangBai Mountain area and Xiao Xing'an Mountain area. The community of A.agrarius is mainly distributed in the farmland of forest area. The vertical distribution and the horizontal distribution of this area's rodent communities have a special phenomenon. With the height increased, the distribution can be changed gradually.Distribution of dominant species shows the law with the changes of geography, region and habitat. The humiture decides the geographical distribution of Apodemus peninsulae. Clethrionemys rutilus, Clethrionemys rufocanus. Clethrionemys rutilus is remarkable type of the north, and is dominant species in subfrigid coniferous forest. From the north to the south, the number turns smaller gradually. Clethrionemys rufocanus is typical temperate zone species, is dominant species in needle broad-leaved mixed forest of Temperate Zone. From temperate zone to the south and to the north, the ability of adaptation gradually turns weaker. The distribution of Apodemus peninsulae is broad, and it is the dominant species in broad-leaved forest of Temperate Zone and needle broad-leaved mixed forest. Sciurus vulgaris and Eutamias sibirics widely distributes in forestry area in the whole northeast forestry area.2. Habitats choice. The study adopts the correlativity analysis method of animal population density and zoology factor in the habitat. Apodemus peninsulae, Clethrionemys rutilus, Clethrionemys rufocanus adapt to the needle broad-leaved mixed forest. Clethrionemys rutilus had strong choice of primary forest of good structure and rich grass in frigid-temperate zone; Clethrionemys rufocanus tended to live in plate hillside of coniferous-deciduous mixed forest and true and second coniferous-deciduous mixed forest with rich grass plants, and has strong adaptability to degraded forest at the same time; the population quantity of Apodemus peninsulae, Clethrionemys rutilus and Clethrionemys rufocanus were infected in the exposed forest of the earth's surface; Eutamias sibirics adapts to varied types of forest habitat; Sciurus vulgaris selected the forest of arbor stratum which is better developed.3. Food choice and their interspecific competition. The study adopts the analysis method of stomach thing and the direct observing method of buckle cage in the open air, in order to analyze the eating patterns, calculate the width of food zoology place and overlapping index in studying food choice and their interspecific competition of rodents. The degree of overlapping in using seeds food of Sciurus vulgaris, Eutamias sibirics, and Apodemus peninsulae was larger. The Sciurus vulgaris expand to use the fiber content and fungi resources on the ground. Apodemus peninsulae and Clethrionemys rutilus expand to use the animal food and fiber food aboveground; Eutamias sibirics could also use animal food and fiber food on the ground and aboveground; Clethrionemys rufocanus was fond of eating plant fiber content, which was similar to Clethrionemys rutilus; Clethrionemys rufocanus was also using other foods. The food competition is furious in winter and spring between species.4. Nest distribution. The study adopts the method of sign recapture and the direct observing method in researching the space utilization, on the perpendicular height, Sciurus vulgaris and Eutamias sibirics divide into arboreal creatures and semi arboreal creatures; Apodemus peninsulae, Clethrionemys rufocanus and Clethrionemys rutilus are movable on the ground; on the utilization of the horizontal space, the interspecific and intraspecific overlapping degree of Eutamias sibirics, Apodemus peninsulae, Clethrionemys rufocanus and Clethrionemys rutilus are very big. 5. Utilizing time zoology place in resource. The study adopts the method of sign recapturc and the observing method of indoor breeding in enregistering day and night rhythm of five kinds of rodents, calculating the zoology place of activity time, studying the dividing of utilizing time in resource. As the result of Eutamias sibiricsbe is hibernator, Apodemus peninsulae, Clethrionemys rufocanus and Clethrionemys rutilus are active at night.6. Biochemistry phenotypes and the dividing of zoology place. The study adopts thc technology of polypropylene-acyl-amic gelatin electrophoresis in order to separate the lactdehydrogenization enzyme-same function enzyme, exceeding oxide divergent enzyme and serum albumen in different organic of five kinds of rodents, and uses the method of clustering analysis as the result of that the LDH same function enzyme of heart, kidney and muscle, the SOD same function enzyme of heart and brain, serum albumen represent the species analysis sort. Relating on Sciurus vulgaris and Eutamias sibirics's arboreal creatures. The result of clustering is the same in LDH same function enzyme of liver and SOD same function enzyme, which reacts the difference of eating patterns in species. The result of three substances clustering in muscle and brain reacts that the inhabit type and movement ability of animals are different.7. Main three-point conclusions:(1) The coexistences condition of five kinds of rodent: the arborous layer of forest, frutex layer, the herbage layer of the earth's surface and the barbarism coniferous-deciduous mixed forest of the deadwood defoliation layer which are mezzo, the rich food condition can content different requiring. Forest niche is clouding, and the humiture is adapted, the stress of preying is small. The changes of main factor in habitats must arose the changes of the community structure.(2) Coexistence mechanism: Interspecific mechanism, although it forms adaptability character of different foods on various physiology, the various degrees overlapping about food in species, be reducing competition, interspecific appears the dividing of zoology place in various degrees about the active room and resources utilizing time; in summer and autumn seasons, the resources of food is rich, interspecific competition is smaller, but in winter and spring seasons, competition is fury because of food pinch, it depends on the specie mechanism, namely stopping propagating in winter, adopting the countermeasure short life. The chilliness of winter, the stress of preying and food pinch can wash out almost mass individuals. With low density in winter and spring, reducing interspecific and specie competition. It can make species coexist in the season of fury competition, and make the community structure keep relativc stability. (3) studying the connection of interspecific in different space scale, it can react different circumstance factors to species plentifully. The study brings forward a new approach in studying animal interspecific coexistence mechanism.