| To provide scientific basis for the populization and application of high-protein and high-yield rice, field plot experiments under high-protein and high-yield cultural integrative technology system conditions were conducted to study on the differences of activities of key carbon-nitrogen metabolism enzyme in rice functional leaves and grains, contents of total N and protein N in leaves, stem-sheathes , grains and browns, grain yields and protein yields of difference rice varieties. Four different treatments were compared relative to their effects on amino acid and protein contents of brown rice, rice yield and the activities of some key enzymes of nitrogen and carbon metabolism(i.e., NR, GOT, Proteolytic enzyme, SPS, ADPG-PPase) in functional leaves and grain of 4 rice varieties. The cultivation of 4 treatments were conventional cultivation, high-protein and high-yield cultural integrative technology system of rice (composite cultivation), amended composite cultivation I and amended composite cultivation II. The main results were shown as follows:1. The yields of Xiangzao 143, Xiangzaoxian 29 and Xiangzaoxian 24 were superior to those of other early rice varieties. The yields of Peiliangyou 210, Xinxiangyou 80 and Jinyou 207 were superior to those of other late rice varieties. The yields of Xiangzao 143, Xiangzaoxian 29 and Xiangzaoxian 24 were higher than those of Zhuliangyou 99 (the lowest) by 33.13%, 26.55% and 24.46% respectively, and the yields of Peiliangyou 210, Xinxiangyou 80 and Jinyou 207 were higher than those of Shanyou 46 (the lowest) by 15.66%, 8.34% and 9.69% respectively.2. The activities of key carbon metabolism enzymes (SPS, ADPG-ppase) in functional leaves and grains of Xiangzao 143, Xiangzaoxian 29 and Xiangzaoxian 24 were higher than those of other early rice varieties. The above indexes of Jinyou 207, Xinxiangyou 80 and Peiliangyou 210 were higher than those of other late rice varieties. The activities of key nitrogen metabolism enzymes (NR and protease ) in functional leaves of several early rice varieties including Xiangzaoxian 29 and Xiangzaoxian 24 ,and several late rice varieties including Peiliangyou 210, Xinxiangyou 80 and Jinyou 207 were higher than those of other varieties.3. The accumulation and transportation of total N and protein N in functional leaves and stem-sheathes of early rice varieties such as Xiangzaoxian 29 and Xiangzaoxian 24, and late rice varieties such as Peiliangyou 210, Xinxiangyou 80 and Jinyou 207 were superior to those of the other varieties. Protein N contents in rice browns and protein yields of several early rice varieties (Xiangzaoxian 24 and xiangzaoxian 29) and several late rice varieties (Peiliangyou 210, Xinxiangyou 80 and Jinyou 207) were significantly higher than those of others. The protein N contents of Xiangzaoxian 24 and Xiangzaoxian 29 were higher than those of Xiangzao 143 (the lowest) by 35.10% and 23.73% respectively, protein yields of Xiangzaoxian 24 and xiangzaoxian 29 were higher than those of Zhuliangyou 99 (the lowest) by 43.45% and 43.43% respectively; the protein N of Peiliangyou 210, Xinxiangyou 80 and Jinyou 207 were higher than those of Weiyou 644 (the lowest) by 15.33%, 12.36% and 8.80% respectively, the protein yields of Peiliangyou 210, Xinxiangyou 80 and Jinyou 207 were higher than those of Weiyou 644 (the lowest) by 27.60%, 26.71% and 25.07% respectively .4. All the indexes of carbon-nitrogen metabolism in the experiments could be conducted that Xiangzaoxian 29 , Xiangzaoxian 24 could be populized and applicated as high-protein and high-yield early rice varieties, as the same, Jinyou 207, Xinxiangyou 80, Peiliangyou 210 could be populized and applicated as high-protein and high-yields late ricevarieties.5. Compared with conventional cultivation, amended composite cultivation I could obviously strengthen the activities of NR, Proteolytic enzyme, SPS in functional leaves, the activities of ADPG-PPase in grain and the activities of GOT in functional leaves and grain of rice, which showed that amended composite cultivation I was stronger in absorption and assimilation of nitrogen and in transferring amino. It has higher efficiency in carbohydrate which yielded by photosynthesis to convert to cane sugar. The starch composition efficiency is higher too. It is favorable to high product, high contents of protein and amino acid breed of rice.6. Compared with amended composite cultivation II, composite cultivation and conventional cultivation, amended composite cultivation I could obviously improve the rice yield, the contents of protein and the protein yield. The yield of early rice(5767 kg/hm~2) increased by.4,55% , 6.15%and 13.81%, increased by 2.95%, 5.31% and 9.23% for later rice (6108 kg/hm~2), respectively. The total N contents (19.63 g/kg) , protein N contents (19.32 g/kg) of early rice and total N contents (18.80 g/kg), protein N contents (17.80 g/kg) of late rice were converted into gross protein contents and protein contents, the gross protein in brown rice of early rice increased by 0.24, 3.87 and 16.96 g/kg, the protein contents increased by 0.24, 4.70 and 17.08 g/kg. The gross protein in brown rice of late rice increased by 5.00, 7.85 and 18.98 g/kg, the protein contents increased by 4.22, 6.31and 18.86 g/kg, respectively. The protein yield of early rice(545 kg/hm~2) increased by 8.13%, 8.35% and 34.57%, increased by 7.69%, 13.04% and 31.57% for later rice (546 kg/hm~2), respectively.7. Compared with amended composite cultivation II, the composite cultivation and conventional cultivation, amended composite cultivation I could obviously improve the contents of total amino acid and 1st 2nd 3rd limiting amino acid of rice. Moreover, it seems to improve the ratio of some kinds of the amino acids. The total contents of amino acid (121.36 g/kg) increased by 8.36%, 10.54% and 67.54%, Lys (4.84 g/kg) increased by 16.21%, 18.34%, 71.94%, Thr (4.48 g/kg) increased by 11.03%, 11.72%, 65.01%, Met(1.55 g/kg) increased by 11.91%, 12.32%, 105.30%, respectively. The ratio of the contents of Thr compared to the total contents of amino acid (3.99%) was higher than others by 0.27%, 0.26%, 0.10%, Met (1.28%) was higher than others by 0.23%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 7 kinds of the amino acids essential for human health (33.32%) was higher than others by 0.19%, 0.08% and 0.35%, respectively.
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