The Comparative Studies On Biology And Epidemiology Of Parasitic Helminths In Animals

There are two parts in the paper.1.Helminths parasitizing the alimentary tracts of bats in Henan ProvinceA survey of helminths parasitizing the alimentary tract of bats in Henan Province was carried out from April 2005 to February 2007.454 bats belonging to 3 families,8 genera,and 18 species were collected from 13 localities.By dissecting bats,Trematodes,cestodes and nematodes were observed in alimentary tracts.13 species of Trematodes in total belong to 6 genera of 3 families.Among them Prosthodendrium piriforme and Acanthatrium microcanthum are the new records in China.3 species of cestodes in total,belong to 1 genera of 1 families,in which Vampirolepis toohokuensis is a new record in china.Three species of nematodes in total belong to 3 genera of 3 families.Strongylacantha pretoriensis is a new record in China.In Description of trematodes,the structure of acetabulum and the position of genital pore of Prosthodendrium parallelorchus,as well as the structure of excretory sac of Mesotretes sp.are redescribed.From the aspect of distribution and infection of trematodes,Plagiorchis koreanus is a wide-distributed species in Henan Province.Prosthodendrium parallelorchus and Mesotretes sp.are the confined-distributed species.Plagiorchis koreanus and Mesotretes sp.have high infection rates among these trematodes,which are 24.1%and 17.4%,respectively.The high average infection intensity of Prosthodendrium urna,Prosthodendrium parallelorchus and Mesotretes sp.are 77.9,21.7and 14.33 individuals,respectively.In these 13 different localities,the bats from Jiyuan City possess the highest trematodes infection rate,reaching 70.97%,whereas those from Tongbai county and Xinxian county have 45.00%and 45.71%of trematodes infection rate.The analysis of 11 ITS(Internal transcribed spacer) sequence of 5 trematodes shows that the ITS sequences of Plagiorchis koreanus differentiates in distinct hosts and localities.Plagiorchiidae and Lecithodenddidae have closed phylogentic relationship.The quantity of cestodes infecting bats is relatively small,in which infection rate of Vampirolepis kengtingensis is the highest,while the Rhinolophus ferrumequinum is more frequently to be cestodesinfected bat.Investigation shows that the species of nematodes of bats in Henan is rare.Only 3 species were observed,hut the total infection rate of bats nematodes is high.The Nycteridostrongylus uncicollis and Aonchotheea sp.are widely distributed,while the infection rate of Strongylaeantha pretoriensis is the highest among these nematodes,reaching 33.26%;the average infection intensity of Strongylacantha pretoriensis is 7.2 individuals;the infection rate of Nycteridostrongylus uncicollis is 17.40%,and its average intensity is 5.1 individuals.Miniopterus schreibersi and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum are more frequently found to be nematodes-infected bats,reaching 76.67%and 71.5%,respectively,while the infection rate in Rhinolophus cornutus and Myotis daubentonii is 54.55%and 43.48%,respectively.In these 13 different localities,Jiyuan City,Shangcheng county,Tongbai county,Xinxian county,Guangshan county and Lushi county are the localities in which the nematodes-infection rate in bats is over 50%.The investigation on population and community of helminths parasitizing in the alimentary tract of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum in Henan Province shows that the nematodes-infection rate in bats reaches 91.27%,and the average infection intensity is 17.82 individuals.The index of population diversity is 1.15 while the equitability index is 0.72.In all these 6 helminths,Mesotretes sp.and Strongylacantha pretoriensis are dominant species,while Plagiorchis koreanus is subdominant species.The infection rate of Plagiorchis koreanus,Mesotretes sp.and Strongylacantha pretoriensis is 36.51%,62.70%and 64.29%, respectively,and the average intensity is 5.15,14.33 and 6.73 individuals,respectively.In the seasonal changes of helminths parasitizing in the bats,the infection rate is relatively high in autumn,and is the lowest in summer;the average intensity and the mean population density is also highest in autumn, whereas is lowest in summer.The dynamics of population of Plagiorchis koreanus,Mesotretes sp.,and Strongylacantha pretoriensis was analyzed.At the same time,the community composition and structure of helminths parasitizing in Rhinolophus ferrumequinum was compared between the the same population of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum in different overwintering and the different populations of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum in the same overwintering.2.The biologic characters of Echinococcus multilocularis sibiricensis and Echinococcus sp.The results of development of alveolar echimococcus in white mice shows that Echinococcus multilocularis sibiricensis infects host tissues by means of metastasis of germinal tissue,which is surrounded by host tissue forming brood capsules.Due to the absence of germinal cell layer on the inner surface of alveolar vesicle,Protoscoleces differentiate from germinal cell masses centre the brood capsules,Echinococcus sp.infects host tissues via proliferating outward to form brood capsules from germinal cells layer of mother cyst.The protoscoleces differentiates from the germinal cells layers on the inner surface of alveolar vesicle.At the same time,the protoscoleces sizes,and rostellum hooks number as well as their sizes of both Typeâ… and Typeâ…¡alverolar echinococcus were compared.The analysis of ITS sequences of alverolar echinococcus shows that there are two kinds of ITS sequences which are complicated and variable,present in the same type of alverolar echinococcus.There are differences existed in ITS sequences of Echinococcus multilocularis sibiricensis and Echinococcus sp.