Effective Monitoring And Evaluation Of The Land Conversion Program In Chinese Northwest Region

The Land Conversion Program has been implemented for eight years,and the project decision-makers and managers are very concerned about that the effectiveness is a good or bad.State Forestry Administration launched the issues of effective monitoring and evaluation of the Land Conversion Program in Chinese North Region,and selected nine project countries in North China such as Datong,Yanchi,Qitai,Wuqi,Ansal,Zbongyang,Dingxi,Shexian and Zhuozi as the base for effective monitoring and evaluation,to evaluate the effectiveness comprebensively and systematically.This paper taking Datong,Yanchi and Qitai in the nine nine project countries as the studying object,and combining with field monitoring,statistical report and 3s,a set of criteria and indicators for assessing the holistic benefits of LCP was built.Taking the environment situation before the program testing as the contrast,has given an objective evaluation to the comprehensive benefit in the Land Conversion Program testing region.The main result shows as following:1."Species diversity"is proposed to comprehensively evaluate species composting.The result shows that,on the sequence from the newly converted lands to long-term converted lands,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Gleason richness index shows a "small-big-small"process,while the Simpson dominance index and Hill evenness index present a contrary process.On the process of community succession,species diversity doesn't present a monotonously rise or drop trend.The result indicates that we should fully take the succession stage into consideration in the evaluation of species diversity.2.Taking some indexes such as soil profile index,soil total porosity,capillary porosity,the largest water-holding capacity,capillary water holding capacity,soil aggregate and large aggregate content,soil organic matter,total N,available K,CEC,PH,etc.to evaluate soil physical and chemical properties. The result shows that,As an extension of time returning,the soil profile characteristics of returning farmland to forest is more and more close to the level of natural secondary forest,as well as soil physical and chemical properties.3.Study on hydrological effect sbows,rainfall interception amount of the tree canopies and water holding capacity of litter are increasing with the increase of converted years.The relationships between the water-keeping capacity of litter and the thickness of litter layer,accumulation of litter,converted year,biomass are according with significant correlation.4.Study on changes of landscape pattern and LUCC different periods by using TM image data of different periods of Datong,Yanchi and Qitai shows that the area of arable land of the three project countries decreased respectively by 0.79%,2.5%,0.08%after the implementation of Land Conversion Program;the area of woodland increased respectively by 8.89%,2.07%,0.43%;As Man-made causes,the grassland area of Datong decreased by 6.78%.While,the grassland area of Yanchi increased by 1.61%,part of unused land was converted to grassland;The grassland area of Qitai increased from 9.26%in 2000 to 13.03%in 2007;The area of unused land of the three project countries decreased respectively by 2.25%,3%,4.17%.5.Yanchi County is classified into different space and regional units by borders of towns,whose integrative index of desertification degree is extracted and analyzed by the paper,and the regional distribution discipline of the development of desertification is revealed:desertification degree decreases gradually on the whole from north to south in Yanchi County.6.The total initialization value of ecological benefit of the three project counties were calculated by using the opportunity cost method,renewing cost approach,and so on.The total initialization value of Datong,Yanchi,Qitai is 13.14,17.61,3.77 billion RMB.7.The indirect economic effect and social of LCP were assessed by integrated typical survey and macroscopic analysis.