Research On Cultivation Methods And Population Physiological Parameters Of Super-high Yielding Soybean In Xinjiang

Xinjiang is located in hinterland of eurasian continent,typical Continental Climate.Test place Shihezi city,is located in 44°19′north latitude,86°03′east longitude,442.9 maltitude.Effective growing season of crop here is 120～130 d.Active accumulated temperature higher than 10℃is 3478.1℃per year, illumination hours of whole year is 2884.4 h,average temperature 25.4℃.Peak growing season of soybean is from June to September,total radiation is 259.53 kj·cm^-2.It provide excellent conditions for photosynthesis and dry matter accumulations of soybean.Shihezi is desert oasis irrigation agriculture,and has sufficient water and advanced drip irrigation facilities,and so has super-high yielding potential.Luo gengtong created 5 956.2 kg·hm^-2,highest yielding record of our country in Xinjiang in 1999.Super-high yield cultivation of soybean in 2006 and 2007 were researched,the yield of Xindadoul in 2006 and Zhong huang 35 in 2007 respectively achieved 5 476.2 kg·hm^-2 and 5 557 kg·hm^-2,highest yielding record of our country,and acquired"2007 ten great science and technology news exhibition"At the same time,sampling field was establishment.The physiological parameters and N,P,K accumulation of soybean population,the change of N,P,K content in soil,the relationship between change of major nutrient in soil and absorb by plant,the needs of major nutrient elements of soybean in different development stage were studied.The results as following:The yield of Zhonghuang 35 reached super level 5 521.5 kg·hm^-2.The major soybean population physiological parameters:The highest leaf area index reached 4.31,the green duration of leaf weight(LAI＞3) was 50 d,total leaf area duration(LAD) at growing season was 2 766 375.Photosynthetic rate was 3.3-5.2,g m^-2 d^-1,from 16 days after emergences to 58,2.52-5.0 g m^-2 d^-1from 72 days after emergences to 114.Biomass and the harvest index(ratio of seed weight to total plant dry weight) was 13 943.2 kg hm^-2, 39.6%.Compared with Xindadou 1,the duration of maximum LAI of Zhonghuang 35 was long,the total LAD at growing season and the photosynthetic rate at the late stage were high.Sunshine hours and ray radiation has little effects on the development of Zhonghuang 35.Zhonghuang 35 showed good adaptability to the farmland ecology of the Xinjiang oasis,The study researched on dynamics and models of N,P₂O₅,K₂O absorption in super-high yielding soybean in 2006 and 2007 using Xindadoul and Zhonghuang 35.The results show:the trend of N and P₂O₅ content in leaves,petiole and stem had no remarkable changes between two years and two varieties in various development stage;Compared with Xindadou1,The dates of absorption K₂O in Zhuang35 was later,and absorbed quantity was less.The time of absorption N,P,K can be advanced obviously by ahead the time of first watering.For production of 100 kg seeds,Xindadoul,absorbed quantity of N,P₂O₅,K₂O had no significant differences in 2006 and 2007,average of two years,needed N 8.28 kg,P₂O₅ 0.78 kg, K₂O 8.25 kg.Zhonghuang35 absorbed N 8.13 kg,P₂O₅ 0.58 kg,K₂O 4.38 kg.Comparison with Xindadou1, For Zhonghuang35,the absorbed quantity of N was equal,P₂O₅ was one third,and K₂0 was two times. The accumulations of N,P₂O₅,K₂O could be described by Logistic curve equation in super-high yielding soybeanThe trend of major nutrient content soil in different watering and fertilizer condition is following:in normal plant condition,major growing season of soybean,concentration of hydrolyzable nitrogen available phosphorus available potassium in soil maintainll.l¹25.67 mg·kg^-1,7.1²0.97 mg·kg^-1249.33 328 mg·kg^-1 respectively.Compared with major production area of soybean in northeast,based on the change of major nutrient in soil,preliminary results can been concluded:Shehezi is rich in nitrogen and potassium,poor in phosphorus.The content of hydrolyzable nitrogen available phosphorus available potassium in soil can satisfy the needs of soybean growing.Using nitrogen and potassium fertilizer in later growing period can satisfy other needsThe relationship between the content of the main soil nutrient changes and super high-yielding soybean nutrient uptake was:the hydrolysis of soil nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium concentrations in the May 23-Junel9(soybean seedling stage-flowering stage) for each days to reduce 0.29,0.01 and 0.01 mg·kg^-1,in the June 19-July 17 for each days to reduce 1.88,0.32 and 0.14 mg·kg^-1,and in the July 17-Aug 28 for each days to reduce 2.11,0.23 and 0.56 mg·kg^-1.The main nutrients from the soil to reduce the rate of concentration,the soybean is in the latter half of the main nutrients in the soil to absorb the peak period,the entire growth period of soybean to absorb nitrogen are mainly mid-term absorption of the latter is greater than the amount of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer uptake late maximum.Correlation analysis showed that the hydrolysis of soil nitrogen reduction and plant N uptake in vivo was highly significant positive correlation(r=0.994^**),available phosphorus,potassium and plant to reduce the body of P₂O₅,K₂O both the absorption of a significant positive correlation coefficients were 0.954^* and 0.982^*.The basic idea of Xinjiang super high-yielding soybean cultivation:â‘ adequate light.Xinjiang in May to September daily light time between the last 10 hours,in the soybean growing season of June to Sep, the total amount of radiation for 259.53 kj·cm^-2,the energy potential of soybean can be achieved 7 692 kg·hm^-2;â‘¡large LAI.Practice has proved that the condensed planting and more fertilizer to increase leaf area index((LAI),which can greatly improve the yield."Xindadou No.1"in 1999,2003 and 2006.Four times the maximum LAI reached 5.9,6.9 and 5.3,the time that is basically the end of July in soybean grain drum period,and before the end of August to maintain the larger LAI,maximum light interception.This is a super high-yielding one of the main reasons;â‘¢drip irrigation can be effective soybeans to meet demand for water,and can be decided the irrigation time and irrigation volumebased on the growth of demand of soybean.Therefore,the basic idea of super-high-yield is through the water,the regulation of fat and soybean tap the full potential use of solar energy in order to achieve the purpose of yield of 6000kg·hm^-2.