| ObjectiveIodine is one of the trace elements to the human beings. As the essential component of thyroid hormones, iodine plays a pivotal role in maintaining the normal growth and development of human body. Like other trace elements, iodine supplement should be kept in a proper range; that is to say, iodine deficiency or iodine excess will both have adverse effects on the body. Iodine deficiency is the leading preventable cause of brain damage and metal retardation worldwide, furthermore, it can result in thyroid goiter, hypothyroidism or even critinism. In view of the severe consequence of IDD, scholars in the endemic realm have done a lot of researches, constituted detailed monitoring standards and performed USI programs to prevent it. Much progress has been made as yet. However, the side effects of iodine excess are neglected during the process of amending iodine deficiency. When establishing strategy toward IDD, people prefer supplying more iodine than actually needed, and in our country, only lower limit of iodine in salt was stated in 1996. Nevertheless, along the universal practice of USI policy, the inhabitants' iodine level was enhanced, and it seems that the incident of thyroid diseases increases dramatically. And the harm of iodine excess and safe upper limit of iodine salt have become the focus of dispute. In order to analysis the characteristics of thyroid morphology function and autoimmune state under iodine excess, we take advantage of the advanced diagnostic assays to screen for the thyroid diseases among adults in a community in Hebei Province, where is popularly accepted to be a high iodine region because of water reason, we also pursed the cross-sectional research to evaluate the IQ and thyroid diseases among school children.Thyroid carcinoma is the most popular malignant tumor in endocrine-system, with incidence varying from 0.5 to 1.5%. The different histological types of thyroid carcinoma have distinct malignant potential. A lot of factors have been considered to be related to thyroid carcinoma, but only radiological therapy (especially in children) is affirmed as related risk factor. There is still discrepancy between iodine and thyroid carcinoma, growth factors, NIS and apoptotic related proteins are essential for thyrocytes' growth. Their expression in thyroid carcinoma is lack of systemic research. In view of above mentioned, we investigated three different communities with different iodine intake, and analyses the clinical cases of thyroid carcinoma in the past 11 years, expected to find the relation between iodine and thyroid carcinoma from epidemical point. Furthermore, we took immunohistochemical research in scoring the different protein expression.Methods1. Spectrum of thyroid disorders in an iodine-excess area:Based on the historical data and acquired MUI of pupils in pilot investigation, we determined to select QiKou and GaoTou of HuangHua City, Hebei, as our destiny. Randomized selected 4,230 adult inhabitants(> 14 year; M 2,094, F 2,136; mean age 38.35+15.44) were questioned, among which 1,074 volunteers were given further examination (M 275, F 799; mean age 37.95+15.27). We also measured the iodine amount in the drinking water and iodinized salt. 313 children (6-11 year old; mean age 8.6+1.0, M/F: 1.63)were taken IQ tests and 112 volunteers were further examined. All those given further examination were questioned for detailed thyroid diseases history and taken physical examination, also, their blood and urine samples during morning fast were collected. We used 1CMA to measure sTSH, TPOAb, TGAb, TG, FT3, FT4. Urinary iodine was evaluated. Thyroid ultrasounds were also done to the volunteers. All the investigation data andexamination data were input into the database, and use SAS software to analysis them.2. The epidemiological and immunohistochemical studies on thyroid carcinoma:We selected PanSan, ZhangWuand HuangHua as the target communities for epidemiological research. All the inhabitants in these communities were questioned for thy...
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