Construction Of Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Expressing HIV-1 And The Immune Responses Induced By MMT Or DNA

Since Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1(HIV-1) was identified in 1983, the spread of AIDS(Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) over the world has emerged to be a severe public threat to human beings. Containment of AIDS epidemic will require effective and cheap HIV vaccine. Most disturbingly, at present there is no patient had been cured completely and safety, which means that more than 90 percent of the infected patients will eventually die. Although some drugs were useful in AIDS therapy, it is very expensive and quite a lot of patients can not tolerate drug treatment and would become drug resistence. It has been commonly realized that a safe and effective vaccine must be developed to stop the epidemic of HIV. Additionally, antiviral drugs can not completely remove the virus. Therefore, controlling the prevalence of AIDS must be rely on a safe and effective vaccine. At the beginning that the HIV was found, it was predicted that the vaccine of AIDS was developed as soon as possible. The vaccine of AIDS has taken out lots of achievements. As yet there is no have effective HIV vaccine. The research of AIDS vaccine is faced with severe challenge. The first the important tool of researching vaccine is an appropriate animal model. The most effective index is the attack-protect text to evaluate the result of vaccine. because of lacking appropriate infected model, protecting immune mechanism of HIV is unclear. So clinical evaluate mainly depended on quantitative detect of immune response. The second HIV virus is very complicated, it can escape from immune system. Considerable efforts have been made to develop a safe and effective HIV vaccine. Although live attenuated HIV vaccine can induce certain amount of humoral and celluar immune responses, safety is a potential problem all the time. The killed HIV vaccine and subunit vaccine demonstrated to be no effective protection in clinical human trials. Studies showed that a promising HIV candidate DNA vaccine should be capable of inducing both a strong cell-mediated(including Th and CTL responses) and a humoral immune responses towards multiple, complex and highly conserved epitopes of prevalent HIV strains. Above all it became very difficult to study HIV vaccine. The gene of gag and env of HIV was studied as a important gene for a long time. The vaccinia virus is perfect vector which has better safety . And recombinant vaccinia virus could induce cellular immune and humoral immune responses as well as long term memorial immune response, so it becomes the one of the most hopeful vaccines. The antigen expressing DNA vaccine was synthesize with natural mode in cell and passed immune system. It can induce the humoral and celluar immune responses including T cell proliferation and CTL. But DNA vaccine was used as original immunity because of causing lower immune responses. And the final effect of DNA original immunity is not easy to forecast. The recombinant vaccine virus can induce immune responses associated with CD4+ and CD8+ of HIV speciality. However stronger immune response caused by virus vector depressed the effect of DNA vaccine of HIV. So little study show that single recombinant vaccine virus or DNA vaccine can get ptotective results. By far humoral immunity acted important function in all vaccine. Neutralizing antibodies can loss the activity of virus before inffecting the cell. When the same antigen enter the body again, memorizing B lymphocyte cells become the cells which excrete andibodies which can protect body. Excreting antibody is one of the main component of HIV-1 membrane immunity. So it is highly necessary the vaccine inducing cellular and humoral immune responses at the same time. Further more humoral immune is not isolated. Specific humoral immune responses may cooperate reciprocity with celluar immune At present it is not quite clear to protective immune mechanism of HIV. So it is extremely important to develop the safe and effective vaccine which can cause specific humoral immune and cellular immune...