| Background & Objective:The breast is not only a female breeding and secondary sex characteristic organ, but also a structure of forming body curve beauty and reflecting feminine charm. It has been attended by medical correlating specialties and women themselves for long time. Especially in recent years, along with rapid development of national economy and improvement of material life standard, people increasingly pursue esthetical body, and mammaplasty gradually increases. The breast cancer is a sort of familiar malignancy, its incidence in our country evidently has been rising in recent years. For example, it has risen from 18.3/100000 to 37/100000 in 1972~1998 in Shanghai, and it is the first or second familiar carcinoma of women. The comprehensive treatment, which the radical operation stars in, obtains fair advancement. However the operation results in breast malformation sometimes. Patients who need mammaplasty also gradually increase. In order to enhancing scientism of operation design (includeselecting breast implant) and reducing blindness, it is quite necessary that three-dimensional breast shape must be accurately measured before operation. Furthermore, measuring three-dimensional breast shape is still used to evaluate plastic effect and symmetry of two sides of breasts. It also plays an important role in investigating breast shape of norm crowd, researching objective law of breast growth and aesthetics, and formulating evaluation criterion of breast aesthetics. Thus the study about breast shape and its measurement has been popular in mammaplasty and correlative domain. However, there isn't a perfect technique as yet, because it has been a difficulty to accurately measure breast shape, especially measure breast volume, due to its special structure and biological character.The computer-aided projecting fringe measurement (CAPFM) belong to computer-aided optical measurement (CAOM) invented at early days in 199(Ts. CAPFM needn't a true reference plane. The virtual reference plane technique is used in it, which provides a good environment for practical three-dimensional shape measurement. It has several merits, such as rapidity, untouchablity, high precision, three-dimension and practicability. At the same time, it needn't complex equipments which makes the CAPFM extraordinary suitable for measuring body shape, especially for measuring those surface organs such as breasts that are made up of soft tissue. It has not only been used to measure human faces, backs and abraded teeth, but also to test and reproduce artic sculpture of human head, all these have obtained delightful results. Being likely to breast particularity, the research reports that the CAPFM is used to measure three-dimensional breast shape have not been discovered up to the present allover the world, which means there isn't mature measurement system to be utilized.In this study, we plan to make use of the fundamental principles to manufacture computer-aided projecting fringe measuring 3-D system (CAPFMS), which canprecisely, rapidly, conveniently and untouchedly measure 3-D breast shape. This system is able to collect 3-D shape data of breast, reconstruct and display 3-D outline of breast with digital image, and also can measure plane or spatial distance between two random points, surface area and volume of breast, which will lays the groundwork to ultimately realize computer-aided designing mammaplasty, selecting implant, simulating and evaluating postoperative shape.Methods:? A computer-aided collecting 3-D shape data system (CACDS) is manufactured: The collecting 3-D shape data software is developed with Visual C++ translating the fundamental principles and main formulae into program. The calibrating board and trestle which can be lifted and dropped are designed and processed; and appropriate computer, projector, CCD camera and collecting image clip are purchased. All these buildup a integrate CACDS.(D The capability of CACDS is validated: The 3-D shape data of plastic model's breasts and real breasts is collected, and the coordinates of all points of breast surface are obtained. The 3-D shape data collected are used to reconstruct and display 3-D outline of breast with digital image.(3) A computer-aided projecting fringe measuring 3-D system (CAPFMS) is manufactured: According to breast shape characteristics and measurement demand, relevant arithmetics are deduced. Based on CACDS, the software is developed with Visual C++ translating relevant arithmetics into program.? The reliability of CAPFMS is validated: The plastic model's breasts and real breasts are measured with CAPFMS. At the same time, the plastic model's breasts are also measured with ruler and volume replaced measurement (VRM).(5) In order to realize panoramic showing and measuring the 3-D shape of special breasts which present protruding or prolapsing on an image, a rotatableplatform is manufactured, and the software which can piece images is programmed.(6) To seek pertinent methods for diminishing errors and improving measurement precision, the origins, properties and laws of errors which come from CAPFMS and its practical measurement are analyzed.Results:? The function that the ideal measurement for breast shape must possess is put forward, which is very helpful to hold right direction of researching breast shape.(2) CACDS has been successfully manufactured. It can precisely, rapidly, conveniently, untouchedly and highly automatically collect 3-D shape data of plastic model's breasts and real breasts, display and storage the collected data with 3-D digital images, which are vivid and visual.(3) CAPFMS has been successfully manufactured. It is really realized to precisely, rapidly, conveniently, untouchedly and repeatedly measure 3-D breast shape.? The rotatable platform and the software for piecing images have been successfully developed, which resolves the problem that the whole surface shape information of breasts cann't be collected from only one direction because there exist "blind region" of projecting and taking fringes.(5) The origins, properties and laws of errors which come from CAPFMS and practical measurement have been preliminarily grasped, and a series of pertinent methods have also been summarized.Conclusion:We have successfully manufactured CACDS. It can precisely, rapidly, conveniently, untouchedly and highly automatically collect 3-D shape data of plastic model's breasts and real breasts, display and storage the collected data with 3-D digital images, which are vivid and visual. At the same time, based on CACDS, We have also successfully manufactured CAPFMS. It is really realized to precisely,rapidly, conveniently, untouchedly and repeatedly measure 3-D breast shape, which blazes a trail for researching breast shape, and also lays the groundwork to ultimately realize computer-aided designing mammaplasty, selecting implant, simulating and evaluating postoperative shape.
|
PDF Full Text Request