Dlx5 Directed In Vitro Expanded Neural Stem Cells Derived From Anterior Subventricular Zone Of Neonatal Rats To Differentiate Into Neurons

Background and objective:Neural stem cells(NSCs) posses the capabilty of self-cleavage,self-duplication, self-renewing,and the potentiality of differentiation into various neural cells,including neuron, astrocyte, oligodendrocyte.So NSCs maybe become the donor cells as neural transplantation therapy for nervous system disease in the future.NSCs exist in developing and adult mammal nervous system.One of the most concentrated regions of adult NSCs,knows as the subventricular zone(SVZ),surrounds the postnatal lateral ventricle.Especially, NSCs in the anterior subventricular zone(SVZa) migrate to olfactory bulb(OB) as a network of tangentially oriented chains that converge in a highly restricted pathway called the rostral migratory stream(RMS).These SVZa-derived cells are destined to be interneurons of the granule cell and glomerular layers of OB and become the main source of interneurons in postnatal OB.Compared with NSCs of other regions, SVZa-derived NSCs posses special characteristics as follow:(1)migrating along a long and restricted pathway;(2)keeping proliferating situation and no differentiation in the whole migratory stream;(3) always giving rise to neuron while they migrate to destination.Hence,SVZa-derived NSCs are a reliable model for neural development and regeneration.The fate of SVZa-derived NSCs results from the integration of multiple environmental signals with intrinsic genetic programs.Some of these molecular mechanisms,such as BMPs,Pax6,Wnts,etc. are beginning to be revealed. Recently,some studies on Dlx gene knocked-down revealed that distall-less homeobox gene family,especially Dlx5 was extremely correlated with the development of interneurons in OB. For example, Dlx5 plays major roles in the connectivity of olfactory receptor neurons axons and in the differentiation of interneurons in OB;Dlx5 regulates the development of peripheral and central components of the olfactory system and is necessary for progenitors in the SVZ of OB to mature into...