Study On Immunoprotection Mechanism Of Multi-subunit Vaccine Of Helicobacter Pylori

Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection is key aetiological factor in chronic gastritis peptic ulcer disease, gastric mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma. Vaccine is an efficient approach to treat H.pylori infection. Currently, The great progress had been made in H.pylori vaccine research. The recombinant subunit vaccine is a important vaccine format which has some feature such as definite component, good safety, easy to industrialized production. Beacause multi-component vaccine generate more complete protective response than single component antigen vaccine, H.pylori multisubunit vaccine had more efficient immunoprotection against H.pylori infection and was going to be important vaccine format.The subunit vaccine need adjuvant to enhance immune protect effect. Classic aluminium adjuvant is only one which was licensed to used in human vaccine up to now and has advantage in safety and adjuvanticity. Because H.pylori infects in gastric mucosa, it is important for vaccine research to stimulate efficient mucosal and systemic immunity. Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and mutation, which is commonly used as mucosal adjuvant, can priming humoral and cell immunity. So LT and mutation will be used in mucosal vaccine.There are complex immunoprotective mechanism in different vaccine against H.pylori infectin. On aspect of humoral immunity, majority results showed that mucosal sIgA is helpful to protective immunity against H.pylori infection, but minority though protective immunity depend on IgG.. On cell immunity, there are some evidence that CD4+ T cell immunity is necessary to protective immunity against H.pylori infection, but different viewpoint are raise on relation between immune response type of CD4+ T cell (Th1 or Th2) and protective immunity against H.pylori infection. These are no clear that whether Th1 type or Th2 type or Th1/Th2 mixed type is helpful to protective immunity against H.pylori infection. On the whole, the mechanism of immunoprotection against H.pylori infection is not clear, then it is need further research.