Studies On The Chemical Constituents And Bioactivities Of Rhododendron Athopogonosides Maxim And Morus Macroura Miq.

Rhododendron athopogonosides Maxim belongs to the genus Rhododendron and the family Ericaceae. It is a shrub, growing on the damp sides of mountains commonly, and being distributed throughout western regions widely in China. The stems and leaves of Rhododendron athopogonosides have traditionally been used as a folk medicine to treat cough, bronchitis, asthma and so on. Moreover, when mixed with other herbal medicines, it could treat rheumatoid arthritis. Morus macroura Miq. belongs to the genus morns of the family Moraceae, distributed in the South area of China, especially in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province. The stem barks of Morns macroura have been used to treat diabetes, arthritis, and rheumatism in Chinese herbal medicine, in addition, on the basis of the result of screening test, the 95% EtOH extract was found to have important activity on inhibiting α -glycosidase. By means of modern chemical theory and isolation technique, we studied to the plants mentioned above systemically, and elucidated the structure of the compounds. Furthermore, the isolates, which were isolated from two plants, were screened for biological activities.Thirty-seven compounds were isolated, purified and identified from the EtOH extract of Rhododendron athopogonosides Maxim, including 13 flavonoids, 14 triterpenoids or steroides, 4 coumarins or lignans, 3 cerebrosides, and 3 other type compounds. These compounds are identified as follows: (2R) - 4-Phenyl - 2 - O - [ β-D-xylopyranosyl (1—6) - β-D-glucopyranosyl] butane (A₁), Quercetin (A₂), Iso-rhamnetin (A₃), Taxifolim (A₄), Hyperin (A₅), Myricetin- 3' - β - D - galactoside (A₆), Quercetin - 4' - O - β- D - galactoside (A₇), 6 "- O - (4- hydroxybenzoyl) -Hyperoside (A₈), Avicularin (A₉), Kaemferol-3- β -D-galactoside (A₁₀), Hirsutine (A₁₁), Reynoutrin (A₁₂), Polystachoside (A₁₃), Cacticin (A₁₄), Umbelliferone (A₁₅), Fraxin (A₁₆), Cleomiscosin A (A₁₇), Lyoniside (A₁₈), Friedelin (A₁₉), 3 - friedelanol (A₂₀), Ursolic acid (A₂₁), 2 α ,3 β ,23-trihydroxy-12-Ursen-28-oic acid (A₂₂), Oleanolic acid (A₂₃), 2 α,3 β - dihydroxy - 12 -Oleanen - 28 -oic acid (A₂₄), 2 α ,3 β - dihydroxy - 12 - ursen - 28 - oic acid (A₂₅), betulinic acid (A₂₆), dammara - 20,24 - dien - 3 β - ol (A₂₇), dammara - 20,24 - dien - 3 β - oAc (A₂₈), (24S) -24 - ethylcholesta - 3 β ,5 α ,6 β - trol (A₂₉), Bytyrospermol acetate (A₃₀), Daucosterol (A₃₁), β-sitosterol (A₃₂), (2S,3S,4R) - N - [(2' R) - Hydroxyterracosanooate] -1,3,4 - trihydroxy- 2 - amino...