Clinical Research For The Role Of Innate Immune Molecules Soluble CD14 And Toll-like Receptor 4 In Human Renal Alloimmunity

In alloimmunity, T lymphocytes are activated by double signals, and then priming the complicated rejection procedure include lymphocytes, cytokins and complemennts. If antigen present cells (APCs) provide MHC-peptides only, do not present costimulatory signals such as CD80 and CD86 to T lymphocytes at the same time, T lymphocytes will became anergy, immune tolerance will be induced.At present, research for alloimmunity is mainly focused on the immune procedure of T/B lymphocytes and their downstream cytokines. Because of the complexity of the immune procedure after T/B lymphcytes activation, treatments target on one point of the complicated procedure always obtain half the result with twice the effort.Obviously, research focused on APCs - the transmitter of upstream signals for T/B lymphcytes, are more superior. The expression of costimulatory molecules on APCs is crucial in determining T-cell immune responses to alloantigens. Decrease of Costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86 can converts APCs into tolerogenic cells. These APCs can deprive T lymphocytes the capacity of response to alloantigens.But the question is, who is in charge of the regulatory of CD80 and CD86 expression? How the regulatory happened? In 1997, the discovery of toll-like receptor (TLR)-human innate immunity pattern recognition receptor made it possible for the research focused on APCs in alloimmunity. In early time, the research for...