| Bone grafting is the most frequently used among all modalities of tissue transplantation, and search for or developing an ideal grafting material is one of the frontiers in orthopaedic surgery. Among others, bone xenografting has attracted much attention from orthopaedists and has been the target toward which tremendous efforts were geared, but its clinical application remained an unsolved problem up until now. The major difficulty with xenografting lies in eliminating the immune rejection incurred through its implantation while retaining the osteoinductive capacity of the grafting material. We have developed reconstituted bone xenograft (RBX), a new grafting material which is composed of bovine BMP and homologous cancellous bone.Long term systematic animal experiments led to the conclusion that RBX possesses strong osteoinductive potential when implanted with scarcely any immune rejection. Based on this, we proceeded with its clinical application and related studies that yielded the following results.1. Hemolysis, acute toxicity, anaphylaxis, cytotoxicity and implantation tests all showed that RBX is safe and reliable with good biological compatibility.2. At 16 weeks postimplantation, bone defects treated with autograft (Au), RBX and allograft (Al) had bending strength of 50%, 45.7% and 30.3% relative to the unimpaired control, respectively. There were no differences betwwen RBX and Au groups with the bending strength in both being much greater than that in Al group.
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