| Backgroud and objectives:Recent studies have demonstrated that with the prolonged lifespan and increasedmorbidity of the patients with diabetes mellitus,the morbidity of diabetic nephropathy(DN), which starts in the adolescent and becomes symptomatic during the adulthood, has gradually increased. DN is one of the leading causes of death for diabetic patients. It is very difficult to detect DN at early stage in clinic because DN usually has a prolonged, asymptomatic phase. Once great proteinuria occurs, the patient is very close to the end stage of renal failure which means high expenses for dialysis and poor prognosis. Therefore, it is very important for international and national pediatricians to focus their research on understanding the pathogenesis and prevention of DN from occurring in early childhood in order to manage diabetes mellitus. The primary goal is to reduce adult uremic incidence.Early pathological alterations in the diabetic nephropathy include the development of intra-glomerular hyperpressure, glomerular hyperfiltration, hyperperfusion, and glomerular hypertrophy; then followed by thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), mesangial matrix accumulation, and ultimately progression to glomerular sclerosis. However,the pathogenesis of DN is not...
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