A Study On The Calligraphy Fashion In The Period Of Qing Dynasty And

This paper belongs to dynastic research on Chinese calligraphic history. It focus on the time span of Qing Dynasty Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, dealing with the connection between train of artistic thoughts and social changes, calligraphic activities, and academic ideas, trying to make an reasonable approach to the law of history, of which the calligraphy development in the early and middle periods of Qing Dynasty. At that time, the Empire is in the peace, and every walk of life is blooming under the reign, academic ideas and the group thoughts of scholar-officials have changed. Under this atmosphere, Chinese calligraphy is not developing under its inherent way only, but also accompanying with the change trend in creation and ideas.This paper holds that, it was an important time for calligraphic continuity in the early and middle periods of Qing Dynasty, and the key point was the group effect of scholar-officials and deeply involved of academy. On one hand, in calligraphic practical activities, Chong Dong Shang Zhao(Advocate calligraphic style of Dong Qichang and Zhao Mengfu) of Tie Xue(which means learning calligraphy from published or handwritten copies) tradition is the authentic smriti by the royalty advocating, and representative by Wen Xue Shi Cong(Literary Chamberlain) as the main stream has established an authentic fashion of Zai Chao(at court), which representation by Fa Tie(Masterpieces of Calligraphy) in the center position in collection copies of calligraphic pieces publishing. On the other hand, under the change of academic fashion, scholar-official calligraphers standing by adherents of former dynasty have made their pursuit of restoration classical works to keep away worldliness fashion from inside authentic Tie Xue. And civilian professional artists and middle or lower scholar officials, which representative by Eight eccentric painters of Yangzhou, are in conformance with Shi Shang He Liu(status transformation between scholar officials and businessmen), have their new artistic pursuit in oddity and strange styles. Just about the new Zai Ye(be out of political office) trend and ideas, have their positive function in art creative development, and also negative aspect to cater to worldly taste later. Between both, is the most embodied part of epoch artistic fashion, to gestate and lead the Bei Xue( which means learning calligraphy from epigraphic rubbings) trend in the late period of Qing Dynasty. In the field of artistic theory, the appealing to change by scholar-official calligraphers group and heresy in calligraphy-criticism, are comprised transitional power and internal manifestation of calligraphic ideas in the early and middle periods of Qing Dynasty. Changes of academic ideas and the textology thriving in early periods of Qing Dynasty, have caused the overall trend to implement, which means in calligraphic skill theory, scholar officials pay more attention to summary than expound.Disclosing that, it’s benefit for intensive study in dynastic calligraphy history, and also has its reference function to calligraphy development contemporary.In Appendix, A brief schedule of collection copies of calligraphic pieces published in early and middle periods of Qing Dynasty(1644-1800), it makes a revisional analysis on the publicized collections of calligraphic copies published in the early and middle periods of Qing Dynasty, and also makes a discussion about the unpublicized ones in brief.