A Study On The Vocabulary

The Maonan Language, belonging to the Dong-Sui Language Branch in the Kam-Tai Group under the Sino-Tibetan Language System, is gradually going into decay, which is not only used by a very limited number of people but does not have written characters as well. Generally the Maonan language users also speak the Han and Zhuang language. The current research findings about the Maonan language mainly center on the field of Phonetics and Grammar, with little on the lexical and semantic meanings of the Maonan language. This essay, with the lexical and semantic meanings of the Maonan language as the research objective, aims to facilitate the storing and keeping of the language materials which are gradually going into decay on the one hand, on the other hand promotes the understanding of the structural features of the Maonan language. As the Maonan Language is used in a bilingual or multilingual manner and its vocabulary system is one of great openness, a systematic study of the vocabulary and semantic meanings of the Maonan Language will be of great significance theoretically and practically to the discussion of the issues of language contact, language shift, language planning and endangered language protection, etc.By means of descriptive linguistic and social linguistic methods, this essay studies the characteristics of language essence and use status of the Maonan vocabulary. From the perspective of lexical ontology, the essay develops the study of word formation and morphology and discusses different semantic types, the development of semantic meanings and the factors contributing to such development. On the other hand, the connotations of some lexical word groups will also be explored in this essay. For the relatives’ appellations in the Maonan Language, we mainly focus on the study of their semantic types and features. In order to promote the clarification about the features of the Maonan Language by combining the Maonan language and the Maonan culture, four different marital shapes in the Maonan history and their cultural interpretations will be explored in this essay and the seme analysis method will be utilized in the discussion. In addition, this essay also makes an analysis of nouns of animals and plants, and discusses the causes and trends of semantic change, aiming to improve the semantic study of the Maonan vocabulary.In the aspect of use status of the Maonan language, this essay discusses different use types of the Maonan language, studies the use of the Han Borrowings in the Maonan language and predicts its development trends. The use of the Han Borrowings in the Maonan language is superior to that of the native language, which will affect the development trends of the Maonan language itself. Selecting five social essay studies the characteristics of language essence and use status of the Maonan vocabulary. From the perspective of lexical ontology, the essay develops the study of word formation and morphology and discusses different semantic types, the development of semantic meanings and the factors contributing to such development. On the other hand, the connotations of some lexical word groups will also be explored in this essay. For the relatives’ appellations in the Maonan Language, we mainly focus on the study of their semantic types and features. In order to promote the clarification about the features of the Maonan Language by combining the Maonan language and the Maonan culture, four different marital shapes in the Maonan history and their cultural interpretations will be explored in this essay and the seme analysis method will be utilized in the discussion. In addition, this essay also makes an analysis of nouns of animals and plants, and discusses the causes and trends of semantic change, aiming to improve the semantic study of the Maonan vocabulary.In the aspect of use status of the Maonan language, this essay discusses different use types of the Maonan language, studies the use of the Han Borrowings in the Maonan language and predicts its development trends. The use of the Han Borrowings in the Maonan language is superior to that of the native language, which will affect the development trends of the Maonan language itself. Selecting five socialessay studies the characteristics of language essence and use status of the Maonan vocabulary. From the perspective of lexical ontology, the essay develops the study of word formation and morphology and discusses different semantic types, the development of semantic meanings and the factors contributing to such development. On the other hand, the connotations of some lexical word groups will also be explored in this essay. For the relatives’ appellations in the Maonan Language, we mainly focus on the study of their semantic types and features. In order to promote the clarification about the features of the Maonan Language by combining the Maonan language and the Maonan culture, four different marital shapes in the Maonan history and their cultural interpretations will be explored in this essay and the seme analysis method will be utilized in the discussion. In addition, this essay also makes an analysis of nouns of animals and plants, and discusses the causes and trends of semantic change, aiming to improve the semantic study of the Maonan vocabulary.In the aspect of use status of the Maonan language, this essay discusses different use types of the Maonan language, studies the use of the Han Borrowings in the Maonan language and predicts its development trends. The use of the Han Borrowings in the Maonan language is superior to that of the native language, which will affect the development trends of the Maonan language itself. Selecting five social parameters including gender, age, educational level, occupation and language acquisition level, in this essay I develop social linguistic investigation on the use of old and new Han Borrowings, study the use of borrowings by language users with different social attributes and further explore the influence of the Han Borrowings on the Maonan language itself and its development.Based on investigation data and analysis, from the perspective of gender, the use of the Han Borrowings varies with different genders. Males are more inclined to use the old Han Borrowings and Maonan native words while females tend to use the new Han Borrowings. From the perspective of age, the aged have more knowledge about the old borrowings and native words whilst the youngsters are not inferior to the aged in the knowledge and use of new borrowings. And the middle-aged rank middle in the use of all kinds of words. The people with distinctive education levels also show their differences. Groups with higher education levels have a better command of the Putonghua. The people with "college diploma or above" qualification tend to more frequently use the new Han Borrowings while the ones with "below college diploma level" qualification are more inclined to use old borrowings. Occupationally, peasant groups prefer to use old-level Han Borrowings and Maonan native language while civil workers and teachers, who need to meet more demands for qualification and Putonghua level, tend to use parameters including gender, age, educational level, occupation and language acquisition level, in this essay I develop social linguistic investigation on the use of old and new Han Borrowings, study the use of borrowings by language users with different social attributes and further explore the influence of the Han Borrowings on the Maonan language itself and its development.Based on investigation data and analysis, from the perspective of gender, the use of the Han Borrowings varies with different genders. Males are more inclined to use the old Han Borrowings and Maonan native words while females tend to use the new Han Borrowings. From the perspective of age, the aged have more knowledge about the old borrowings and native words whilst the youngsters are not inferior to the aged in the knowledge and use of new borrowings. And the middle-aged rank middle in the use of all kinds of words. The people with distinctive education levels also show their differences. Groups with higher education levels have a better command of the Putonghua. The people with "college diploma or above" qualification tend to more frequently use the new Han Borrowings while the ones with "below college diploma level" qualification are more inclined to use old borrowings. Occupationally, peasant groups prefer to use old-level Han Borrowings and Maonan native language while civil workers and teachers, who need to meet more demands for qualification and Putonghua level, tend to useparameters including gender, age, educational level, occupation and language acquisition level, in this essay I develop social linguistic investigation on the use of old and new Han Borrowings, study the use of borrowings by language users with different social attributes and further explore the influence of the Han Borrowings on the Maonan language itself and its development.Based on investigation data and analysis, from the perspective of gender, the use of the Han Borrowings varies with different genders. Males are more inclined to use the old Han Borrowings and Maonan native words while females tend to use the new Han Borrowings. From the perspective of age, the aged have more knowledge about the old borrowings and native words whilst the youngsters are not inferior to the aged in the knowledge and use of new borrowings. And the middle-aged rank middle in the use of all kinds of words. The people with distinctive education levels also show their differences. Groups with higher education levels have a better command of the Putonghua. The people with "college diploma or above" qualification tend to more frequently use the new Han Borrowings while the ones with "below college diploma level" qualification are more inclined to use old borrowings. Occupationally, peasant groups prefer to use old-level Han Borrowings and Maonan native language while civil workers and teachers, who need to meet more demands for qualification and Putonghua level, tend to use new-level Han Borrowings. The differences also exist in different multi-language users. The majority of the Maonan people master two or more languages and groups mastering two languages are more superior in using old-level borrowings and Maonan native words while ones knowing three languages take superiority in the use of Han Borrowings.As is known from the above analysis, some of the Han Borrowings in the Maonan Language have gradually gone into decay. In other words, the old borrowings are being replaced by the new borrowings. The Maonan youngsters have exhibited lower level of mother language and even Putonghua has become the mother language of some children and teenagers.From the distribution of the Han Borrowings in the Maonan language, the Maonan and Han language belong to middle-level contact types. The Underground Nan Zhuang where the Maonan dwellers reside have become the "Maonan-Han" bilingual community. In the Maonan language system, a large amount of the Han vocabulary in mediaeval and neoteric times is borrowed by means of spoken English while the contemporary Han Borrowings are mainly introduced via modern media. new-level Han Borrowings. The differences also exist in different multi-language users. The majority of the Maonan people master two or more languages and groups mastering two languages are more superior in using old-level borrowings and Maonan native words while ones knowing three languages take superiority in the use of Han Borrowings.As is known from the above analysis, some of the Han Borrowings in the Maonan Language have gradually gone into decay. In other words, the old borrowings are being replaced by the new borrowings. The Maonan youngsters have exhibited lower level of mother language and even Putonghua has become the mother language of some children and teenagers.From the distribution of the Han Borrowings in the Maonan language, the Maonan and Han language belong to middle-level contact types. The Underground Nan Zhuang where the Maonan dwellers reside have become the "Maonan-Han" bilingual community. In the Maonan language system, a large amount of the Han vocabulary in mediaeval and neoteric times is borrowed by means of spoken English while the contemporary Han Borrowings are mainly introduced via modern media.new-level Han Borrowings. The differences also exist in different multi-language users. The majority of the Maonan people master two or more languages and groups mastering two languages are more superior in using old-level borrowings and Maonan native words while ones knowing three languages take superiority in the use of Han Borrowings.As is known from the above analysis, some of the Han Borrowings in the Maonan Language have gradually gone into decay. In other words, the old borrowings are being replaced by the new borrowings. The Maonan youngsters have exhibited lower level of mother language and even Putonghua has become the mother language of some children and teenagers.From the distribution of the Han Borrowings in the Maonan language, the Maonan and Han language belong to middle-level contact types. The Underground Nan Zhuang where the Maonan dwellers reside have become the "Maonan-Han" bilingual community. In the Maonan language system, a large amount of the Han vocabulary in mediaeval and neoteric times is borrowed by means of spoken English while the contemporary Han Borrowings are mainly introduced via modern media.