| To explore the road of development of mankind means constant error and error correction.The Communist countries have almost experienced large miscarriages of justice phenomenon in the International Communist movement. Lenin once said in the letter to the America workers after the October revolution:History is not Nevsky Avenue sidewalk, and there must be a circuitous twists and turns, or even to pay great sacrifices. The Chinese revolution and construction road under the leadership of the Communist Party of China is also full of arduous and tortuous. There are many miscarriages of justice phenomenon from the revolutionary war to the peace building period. There are many factors causing numerous miscarriages of justice from the historical perspective, and there has the special historical exploration for the Communist party of China whose revolutionary goal is the realization of communism, such as the guiding ideology of the "left" errors, the abuse of the highly centralized system, radical class struggle thought, and so on, which are the important causes. Mistakes are inevitable, but the key is how to correct errors and to prevent these errors occur again. From political parties, groups, to the national, state, all gradually mature in the understanding of error and correct the mistakes. It can be said that error correction is a landmark event of completing the adult ceremony. Cleaning up and correcting the historical miscarriages of justice is the most important political symbol of correction. Rehabilitating miscarriages of justice not only embodies the wisdom and determination to bring order out of chaos of the leadership group,but also shows the solemn attitude of being responsible for the history, and it is the just catch of political maturity, system perfection, the political life of the country towards democracy and the rule of law.In exploring the road of Chinese revolution and construction, the Communist Party of China corrected some mistakes, rehabilitated some miscarriages of justice, and gradually formed a set of error correction mechanism which concluded the cadre supervision system and the cadre examination system. However, the error correction system was not perfect due to the lag of construction of democracy, which led to many unsolved cases and the accumulation of a lot of new cases. Especially after the founding of new China, the party’s guiding ideology of the "left" errors and the continuous political movement resulted in the superposition error, the past cases not rehabilitated, new injustice caused, and finally led to the "Cultural Revolution". The "Cultural Revolution", which is no parallel in history, is the "left" line of play to the extreme. It destructed the imperfect democracy and legal system, and caused all social persecution mania. There were miscarriages of justice throughout the country as many as one hundred million people, up to the state president, down to the ordinary people. To solve the miscarriages of justice became the key of successfully historical turning point after the end of the "Cultural Revolution".After the death of Mao Zedong, as the successor of the Communist Chinese leader, Hua Guofeng and others took special measures, seized "Gang of four", whose core person was Jiang Qing. In order to realize the political situation of stability and unity, on the one hand, Hua Guofeng actively promoted the implementation of the cadre policy, and a group of veteran cadres returned to positions of leadership, which created the preconditions for the massive vindication miscarriages of justice. But on the other hand, Hua Guofeng also stressed the political legitimacy of his inheritance of Mao Zedong, which was the obstacle of correcting the large-scale mistakes in the late years of Mao Zedong. Besides, Wang Dongxing set barriers of the "two whatevers" to the vindication miscarriages of justice work.The turning point of history needs the just person. In the context of cold, Hu Yaobang served as the executive vice president of the Central Party School and then Minister of the Central Organization Department office, first sounded the clarion call of bringing order out of chaos, and promoted the massive vindication miscarriages of justice.Massive vindication miscarriages of justice was an important part of turning point of bringing order out of chaos. First of all, the discussion on "the criterion of truth" broke the bondage of the "two whatevers", and promoted the implementation of the cadre policy convert to the vindication miscarriages of justice, which quickly achieved initial progress.After the Third Plenum of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC, vindication miscarriages of justice got into the climax, and achieved the situation of the layers of deployment, step by step, the specialized agencies actively cooperating with other departments, and the whole party working together to promote the job. By the end of 1982, massive vindication miscarriages of justice work basically completed. After the 12th National Congress of the CPC, the key of vindication miscarriages of justice turned to deal with the problems left over by history. By the 13th National Congress of the CPC, the backlog of the vindication miscarriages of justice in the past more than half a century has been fully cleaned up and basically completed.Vindication miscarriages of justice work lasted for ten years and a large number of cases were cleaned up. The full support of Deng Xiaoping and other central leaders, the close cooperation among departments and units, and the efforts of one hundred thousand front-line cadres, ensured the work carry out smoothly in this process. This work was carried out in stages. The first stage is to solve the miscarriages of justice in the "Cultural Revolution". At the same time, the case formed before the "Cultural Revolution" and the founding of the PRC was solved step by step.After the miscarriages of justice in the "Cultural Revolution" was basically rehabilitated, the focus turned to deal with the problems left over by history. Some major cases and important figures in the rehabilitation work were made several conclusions with the deepening of bringing order out of chaos. The completion of massive vindication miscarriages of justice has laid a solid political foundation for the Reform and Opening up.Hu Yaobang has played an important role in the vindication miscarriages of justice in the new history period. After 1977, Hu Yaobang served as the executive vice president of the Party School of the Central Committee, Minister of the Central Organization Department, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the third secretary of Secretary General of the Central Committee, Minister of the Central Propaganda Department and the CPC Central Committee General Secretary, and presided over the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, the Secretariat of the Central Committee and the central daily work. He handled a large number of miscarriages of justice independently, and his instructions also helped to solve a series of historical problem. Especially during the period of his work over the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, he made a lot of basic and pioneering work for vindication miscarriages of justice. Then when he worked in the central leadership, Hu Yaobang also concerned about and guided the process of vindication miscarriages of justice, participated in the leadership in drafting and making the resolution on certain questions in history since the founding of the PRC, took part in the guidance of the trial on the group both Lin Biao and the "Gang of four", which cleared the obstacles for vindication miscarriages of justice work. In addition, Hu Yaobang also focused on a number of specific cases, and made a lot of instructions, to restore the reputation of a large number of suffering injustice and persecution of old cadres, intellectuals and the masses of the people.This paper consists of introduction, text, conclusion and appendix.The introduction part mainly introduces the significance of this research, the main research achievements about Hu Yaobang and vindication miscarriages of justice over the past 20 years, and a comprehensive analysis of the key subject, and points out the inadequacies of the present research, the research method and the research angle of view.The text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter focuses on the formation of major miscarriages of justice before and during the "Cultural Revolution" and three times of rectification works by the Communist Party of China. The second chapter mainly talks about the political situation after the "Cultural Revolution", the political attitude of Hua Guofeng and the Central Committee of the Communist Party, the background of Hu Yaobang’s position as Minister of Organization Department, and the change from the implementation of the cadre policy to vindication miscarriages of justice. The third chapter lays the emphasis on the role of Hu Yaobang on the vindication miscarriages of justice and the reestablishment of the ideological line when he served as the executive vice president of the Party School of the Central Committee, and Minister of the Central Organization Department in 1977 to 1978, the preliminary progress in the organization and leadership of rehabilitation work, and his efforts on this work in the central work conference and the Third Plenum of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC. The fourth chapter focuses on the efforts of Hu Yaobang on drafting the "resolution on certain questions in the history since the founding of the PRC", and the trial on the group both Lin Biao and the "Gang of four". Meanwhile, vindication miscarriages of justice was in full swing, and the reputation of Liu Shaoqi, Qu Qiubai, Xi Zhongxun and other senior leaders of the CPC was restored, some of the major events throughout the various departments including the ethnic minority areas was rehabilitated. On the basis, massive vindication miscarriages of justice came to the basic end. The fifth chapter mainly talks about the vindication of the situation of the historical backlog of the underground party, the elimination of counter revolutionaries and Trotskyist before the founding of PRC, the disposion of miscarriages of justice handled by the political and legal system, and the solution of the legacy of the "Cultural Revolution" in the "Cultural Revolution" heavy disaster area of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and so on. On the basis, nationwide rehabilitation miscarriages of justice works are performed.The conclusion analyses the relationship on vindication miscarriages of justice, bringing order out of chaos and the realization of the historical turning point. In the process, the CPC have a more profound understanding of the left line and make the establishment of the socialist democracy and legal system have become the consensus of the party and people.
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