| "Three rural" problems(agriculture, country and farmer) is always a major problem in China’s economic and social development, and the core of which is the problem of farmers’ income. Since the founding of new China, China’s farmers’ income has achieved sustained and rapid growth, but there are still many problems and contradictions, those are the relatively slowing down growth of the farmers’ income, the large income gap between the urban and rural residents, the difficulty in increasing the farmers’ income, the unscientific pattern of the farmers’ income. The reform of the income distribution system and farmers’ income increasing is a systematic project, which needs to be supported by the scientific theory of farmers’ income. It also needs to be guided by the scientific theory to guide the research.In this paper, the starting point is to seek theoretical interpretation to the right configuration of the farmers’ income distribution, the ending point is to put forward policy recommendations to promote the continuous increasing in the income of the farmers, the idea of this paper follows along with the theoretical analysis- empirical testing(dynamic tracking, assessing, comparative analysis)- policy recommendations. In this paper, we first make a comprehensive survey of the relevant theoretical literature on the distribution of the farmers’ income, which is the theoretical basis of this study. On this basis, through the reference and summary of the relevant theory of the farmers’ income distribution, we put forward the point that the rights allocation determines the distribution of farmers’ income, the rights that includes the participating right, the income right and the guaranteeing right determine the distribution of the farmers’ income. Subsequently, this paper uses the theory of "three rights" to dynamically tracking the change of the institution reform of China’s farmers income distribution using the absolute income, income distribution pattern, income gap from the four periods that includes the planned economy period(1953-1978), the household contract implementation period(1980s), the development of township enterprises(1990s), agricultural subsidies and rural social security insurance(New Century). At the same time, the paper also puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the sustained and rapid growth of farmers’ income.Through the above sduty, this paper mainly draws the following six conclusions: first, the allocation of farmers’ rights determines the distribution of the farmers’ income, and the distribution of different rights decides the different income distribution system. The rights of participation, income and security are the three most basic dimensions: the right of participation, the right to security, the equal opportunity, the income of farmers, the income, the income, the property income, the income, the income, the income, the property income and transfer income. The more rights allocation, the better the overall effect of the farmers’ income distribution would be, the more the allocation of rights, the better the comprehensive effect of the farmers’ income distribution would. Second, the change of the distribution system of the farmers’ income is the result of the adjustment of the rights of the farmers. During the planned economy period, the farmers get the income through the participation of the labor force. Household contract responsibility system in the implementation period, the farmers through the ownership of the right to participate in the right to receive income. During the development of the township enterprises, the farmers mainly through the full participation, the right to participate in the income to get the income. Cancel agricultural tax, the implementation of agricultural subsidies and the establishment of rural social insurance system, the farmers mainly through a more full participation, the right to income and comprehensive security to get income. Third, the size of the farmers’ rights determines the speed of the growth of farmers’ income, the more the farmers are given, the faster the growth of the farmers’ income, and vice versa. Farmers’ income to maintain sustained and rapid growth, must also have the right to participate, the right to income, the right to protect the three right. Fourth, the farmers’ rights allocation pattern has a decisive role in the pattern of the farmers’ income distribution, and the farmers have a right to rise, which will inevitably lead to the increase of the income of the farmers’ per capita net income. When the three kinds of rights are relatively balanced, the distribution pattern of farmers’ income is relatively balanced and reasonable. Fifth, the size of the farmers’ rights determines the size of the income distribution gap, with the farmers’ access to more full participation, income and security, the "three rights", not only makes the farmers’ income to maintain sustained and rapid development trend, but also makes the gap between farmers’ income continued to narrow down. Sixth, to promote the sustained and stable income of farmers, so that farmers’ income pattern is more reasonable, the gap between farmers’ income has been reduced, the need to explore the policy recommendations from the allocation of rights theory. Based on the suggestion of participating power, we will vigorously promote the new urbanization, deepen the reform of land system, accelerate transformation of the agricultural development pattern, and give the farmers more rights to participate. The proposal is to deepen agricultural product price reform, improve agricultural product price, improve agricultural subsidies, develop village collective economy, make farmers get more income, improve the agricultural social security system, set up and improve agricultural insurance system.
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