Research On The Evolution And Coordination Of Land Expropriation Conflict In China Since The Reform And Opening Up

With the accelerating process of urbanization, the conflict caused by the rural collective land requisition happened frequently, which has seriously affected the social order and the normal development of economy in the rural. The land expropriation conflict has brought a tremendous resistance to build a harmonious socialist society. In view of this, to coordinate and resolve these land expropriation conflict problems present is imminent from the perspective of building a harmonious society in China. As the land expropriation conflict events became exacerbated, a reform of the land expropriation system is in urgent need. Among which, to improve the standard of land requisition compensation and to establish long-term protection system of the landless peasants have be concerned and thought by the government, experts and scholars. Following the 2014 Central NO.1 Document proposed to accelerate the reform of the land expropriation, the 2015 Central NO.1 Document proposed to push forward the reform of rural land system prudently and steadily again, and to focus on establishing allocation mechanisms for the value-added benefits of land which takes account of country, collective and individual, and improving the guarantee mechanisms for landless peasants to be more reasonable, standardized and diversified in the reform of rural land system.Based on the above background, this paper proposes that to establish coordination mechanisms for prevention and resolution land expropriation conflict has theoretical and practical significance in China from the Marxist theory perspective, by combing the theories from classical Marxist writers and scholars in west on the land expropriation conflict, and focusing on analyzing the inherent logic of the evolution of the land expropriation conflict in China since the reform and opening up, and selecting fairly representative land expropriation conflict events as case in recent China, and summing up the triggering mechanisms of land expropriation conflict in China.The first chapter is the introduction, which discusses the research background and significance of this project, and the domestic and international literature review, and research ideas and methods, and innovations and shortcomings, in order to make a enough preparation for the complete launching of this research project.The second chapter is the theoretical basis, which introduces the core concepts related to land expropriation and features. Through giving a definition of land expropriation and conflict to propose the stakeholders of the land expropriation and the contradiction between them.The third chapter is the source of theory, which provides a theoretical foundation by focusing on combing the theories of Marxist classical writers on land expropriation conflict for this paper to start researching. These theories include: Marx and Engels’ theory of social conflict and land tax theory, Lenin’s nationalization of the land thought, Mao Zedong Thought about the relationship between land ownerships, land conflict theories related to land expropriation conflict with Chinese characteristics. This chapter also describes those representative theories of land expropriation conflict from the scholars in the west, in order to learn the rational part to provide a reference for the construction of the current coordination mechanisms of land expropriation conflict.The fourth chapter analyzes the inherent logic of the evolution of land expropriation conflict in China since the reform and opening up. This chapter delineates the process of development and evolution of land expropriation conflict into three major stages including preview, promotion and complication periods. Preview and promotion periods were mainly due to the unreasonable design and irregular operation in the beginning. The land expropriation conflict becomes gradually complicated, which has the specific performance of financial conflict of interest, conflict of the rights interest and cultural concepts conflict becoming intricate and complex, and the violent mode of conflict and refined social subjects.The fifth chapter selects several representative land expropriation conflict events in recent years as cases, all of which have violence characteristics and significantly adverse social impact, namely Guangdong Wukan conflict event, Jinning conflict event and Gansu Longxi conflict. and analyses the reason and common characteristics behind these conflicts.Based on the case study of Chapter five, the sixth chapter elaborates the triggering mechanisms of the evolution of land expropriation conflict in China from the following four aspects: First of all, the incomplete of the division of land ownership, and the rural land legislation is particularly flawed, and the land expropriation compensation system is imperfect from the perspective of the imperfect rural land property rights system flawed; Secondly, the land expropriation compensation fee remains low, the rural land prices have been rising, and the lack of social security for landless peasants from the perspective of the development of land expropriation system and disharmony to the market economy; Thirdly, the lack of local government land acquisition procedures, standardization of village committee management, supervision of the expropriating process, and the ability to integrate all levels of government from the perspective of the interest drive and inadequate integration of the government regulators; Finally, the raised awareness of legal rights, the inappropriate advocacy act of landless peasants, the limit capacity of development, and the disadvantage in the social status from the perspective of their own factors.The seventh chapter is about the Construction of Chinese land expropriation conflict coordination mechanisms. Though the analysis of Chapter six, this chapter proposes to construct legal system coordination mechanisms, socio-economic coordination mechanisms, government administration coordination mechanisms and risk control mechanisms for the land expropriation conflict. In addition, it’s proposed to establish a sound land legal system, to improve the rural land expropriation compensation system, and to strengthen land expropriation oversight mechanisms on the construction of the legal system coordination mechanisms; it’s proposed to increase the land expropriation compensation standards, to establish income distribution mechanisms, and to establish employment training and support mechanisms on the construction of socio-economic coordination mechanisms; it’s proposed to tighten local government land expropriation procedures, to standardize the functions of the organization and management of village committee, and to integrate the functions of land expropriation at all levels of government on the construction of coordination mechanisms for the Government; it’s proposed to strengthen the response to conflict early warning, and to build an early warning system of land expropriation conflict and measures for land expropriation project responsibility system on the construction of risk control mechanisms, which all of above aims at as a means to prevent and control land expropriation conflict.