The Philosophical Revolution Of "Das Kapital" And The Critique Of Political Economy

This article tries to put forward an interpretation of "Das Kapital" in accordance with the original intention of Marx by resorting to the critique of political economy.Usually there are two views on the theoretical propertie of "Das Kapital",the one says that the "Das Kapital" is a work of political economy, the other says that the "Das Kapital" is a work of philosophy.This two views regard the scientific "Das Kapital" and the philosophical "Das Kapital" as incompatible, what make the text can not be interpreted through the same principles. Those two kinds of model of understanding split the unity of "Das Kapital". Because Marx’s "Das Kapital" itself is a whole theory, other than a theory made up by two differents, so any interpretation that split it is distortion and misunderstanding of Marx to some extent. An important reason of this distortion is that people confuse "political economy" and "critique of political economy".Proposed in this paper, we should not take "Das Kapital" grasp for a general sense of "political economy", and should take it as a special sense of the "critique of political economy," and to interpret the "Das Kapital" through the critique of political economy. According to this view, this paper further argues that Marx’s critique of political economy is not only economical critique, but both philosophical and economical critique, two kinds of critique is not divided each other, but together. Therefore, "Das Kapital" is the unity of science, philosophy and revolutionary theory.The article consists of five parts:In chapter one, thesis statement has been puted forward. This chapter mainly says state that it is in accordance with Marx’s original intention for reading "Das Kapital" focus on the critique of political economy. Different from scientific self-criticism, the critique of political economy made by "Das Kapital" is a fundamental criticism and the nature of transcendence.In chapter two, an question has been answered——“in what sense Das Kapital is scientific”. This chapter puts forward that Marx’s Dialectics expose metaphysics of the political economy through methodology criticism, which in fact provides people with a "new science" of social research. In Marx’s opinion, social research can only access the essence with Dialectics, which should truly be empirical, based on the observation of scientific facts. Marx is not used the concept of "science" on the significance of empiricism and rationalism,but in the meaning of "to seek social essence" presents a about the concept of "new science" of social research.The third chapter concentrated on a question that "Das Kapital in what sense is the philosophy of" the problem around ontology critique of political economy. This chapter puts forward that Marx’s "Das Kapital" has realized the transformation of political economics ontology position. Marx take “relation of production”as the nature of the relationship between economic category, so when he is in line with the scientific attitude of seeking social essence to research economic problems, must also reflect the social history of the human existence. So, Marx essentially transformed the problem of economic into social issues and problems. "Das Kapital" is not only a "crack the secrets of capital" theory in economics, but also become a "crack" the secret of philosophical theory.The fourth Chapter around the purport of Marx’s philosophy revolution, to explore the economic and philosophy critique of "Das Kapital" how to unify, and ultimately with all the old philosophy, political economics and become the philosophy of "changing the world". This chapter puts forward, Marx’s economical and philosophical critique are eventual unification in revolution. Whether Marx’s critique of political economy, or to the transcendence of traditional philosophy, is rooted in transformation of Marx’s class position. "Das Kapital" has issued such a declaration: only through the social revolution of the proletariat, realize the change of production relation, can transcend modernity, finally truely liberate the whole human.The fifth chapter combines the most serious and urgent problem of modernity, and part of the critical theory of modernity of modern western philosophy, discuss the contemporary significance of "Das Kapital" and unique theory value. This chapter puts forward, the critique of political economy is, in essence, the critique of modernity and to seek for the new form of human civilization, not only for economic and social development in today’s world and the Chinese characteristic socialist construction has strong practical significance, and be able to bring to our enlightenment in the future.