A Study On The Russian Entrepreneurs From The End Of 19th Century To The Beginning Of 20th Century

This paper is based onthe Russian entrepreneurs as the object of study. With certain sociological theory, it selects several typical entrepreneurs as the object for microcosmic analysis on the macro historical background. The objective of this paper is to study the historical status and roleof the class of the Russianentrepreneursin the late 19 th and early 20 th century.According to the social conditions, economic activities, political activities, independent consciousness, social activities internal logic clue, the text of this paper is divided into five chapters.First chapter summarizes the government’s policies in the field of the main economic and social development which influence the entrepreneurs’ activities, and analyzes the dialectical relationship betweenthe negative factors and favorable factors.The second quarter of the chapter summarizes Russian capitalist economic development in the early 20 th century which the entrepreneurs contributed to the society.The second chapter discusses the production and business operation activities in the field of industrial and financial capital which were their most basic social functions. The first quarter briefly reviews the developing venation of several representative business family, which can make us know the particularity and universality of the Russian business owners’ capitalist business activities. The second quarter studies the activities of several business families in the late 19 th and early 20 th century. We can find that the business rapidly developed and expanded in this period. The management of business owners was changed conforming with the development of social and economic trends.Third quarter analyzes the model and activities of the enterprise financial. We can find that the Russian business owners were relatively closed behind side the western enterprise system at the same time. Meanwhile we can observe the trend of commercial and industrial capital and financial capital integrated, then we can investigate the trend of the Russian economic capitalism made the transition to the monopoly capitalism.The third chapter analyzes the political activitiesand attitudes towards the problems of workersof entrepreneurs.With the development of the economic power, theentrepreneurs’ independent consciousness informed. And they had not only satisfied with the performance in the field of economy, part of the progressive entrepreneurs began to put forward their own political views, and made political practice, struggled with authoritarian regimes. The first quarter analyzes the relationship between the class of entrepreneurs and the authoritarian regimes, which was the contradictory relation of unity and opposites. The second quarter describes the progress that the entrepreneurs struggled with the tsarist regime in order to found the ‘confederation of trade unions’,and the political activities before and after the 1905 revolution. The third quarter describes the political activities of the progressive entrepreneurs——P. P. Ryabushinsky in 1905 and 1917 revolution period.Finally quarter investigates the entrepreneurs’ attitude towards "workers" and the measures to cope with the workers’ movement.The fourth chapteranalyzes the formation of the social consciousness of the entrepreneurs. After acquiring wealth through the production and business activities, the entrepreneurs’ social status, mental outlook, living habits, social psychological changed, their self-consciousness changed from spontaneous to conscious, the will of community also became increasingly intense, and started to unite for appealing the interests of the class.The first section expounds that social status of the entrepreneurs had increased. The second section introduces the general situation of the development of the entrepreneurs’ representative organizations. The third quarter analyses the variation of the entrepreneurs’ social features from the attitude towards education and lifestyle changes.Chapter five expounds the entrepreneurs’ charitable activities and funding for social and cultural activities. In the late 19 th century early 20 th century, social charity of the entrepreneurs held the dominant position of Russian charity. The first section summarizes the characteristics of Russian charity activities in different history periods. The second section introduces the huge charity activities of the entrepreneurs in the poor, social sponsorship, education, health care, religion, and other fields of charitable activities. The third section analyzes the motivation of the entrepreneurs, I think there is not only the inner spiritual needs, but also the pursuit of personal fame, social status and economic interests.Section 4 introduces that the entrepreneurs carried out large-scale funding activities in literature, art, science and other fields, I think the owners of these activities for this period played a significant role in the formation of Russian culture.Finally in the conclusion part, the article summarizes the entrepreneurs’ economy, political, cultural and social activities in Russia, and affirms its positive historic contribution, and also carries on the analysis to the limitation of the class and history.