The Effect Of Tourism Industry On New Urbanization In Western China

The Western China is rich in tourism resources, however, there exists many problems here, for example, more fragile ecological environment, lower urbanization level, more insufficient industry support and more farmers who are going out. which have led to some variety social problems, such as the issues on farmer and agriculture, working outside and stayed problems, gaps or differences between the East and the West. All those problems above would impede the process of building a moderately prosperous society. The new urbanization needs to break the "Hu Huan Yong Xian". The tourism industry is a labor-intensive and environment-friendly industryTherefore, exploring a new urbanization which is a kind of ―least social cost and best public happiness‖ in Western Chinain a tourism perspective is full of great and urgent significance for the Western China to improve urban quality, accelerate urbanization, simulate consumption and expand the domestic demand in order to accelerate the development and transition of our society and economy. In academe, there have a consensus that is the development of tourism has a significant promotion role in urbanization. But the consensus is based on the whole country and province level. At the same time, the economic proportion of tourism industry is not enough in all nation or province level, which results in a lower driving force on urbanization. The economic level and urbanization level in the East is the highest, the Middle Area is the second, but the West is the lowest, which makes the effect of tourism industry on economy and urbanization in different area inconsistent. Therefore, it is worth to research whether tourism industry has effect on new type urbanization in Western China, and how affect, and how promote. Based on many previous literature, this paper analyzed how tourism industry affect new urbanization in Western China in a following perspective: Introductions(theories and status), Parts(driving mechanism, conduction mechanism and advance mode), and Conclusions(commendations and suggestions).The main results in this paper are as following:Firstly, the tourism industry agglomeration degree in Western China is becoming more and more intensive while which level is still very low. The tourism industry needs to enhance the degree of integration with other industries. What worse is that the internal development is imbalance. For example, the agglomeration degree of the Southwest in China is relatively higher while that degree in Northwest and Inner Mongolia is relatively lower. The role that tourism industry played in urbanization in Western China has become more and more important due to the agglomeration effect. But what should not be ignored is that the importance of the role differs greatly in different parts. The tourism industry has obviously important effect on urbanization in Southwest while relatively weaker in Northwest and Inner Mongolia.Secondly, for those driving factors that tourism industry affects new urbanization in Western China, domestic tourism income, fixed-asset investment and traffic location around market are the most important driving factors. In addition, for all the control variables, the industrialization indicator has a positive effect on new urbanization but the proportion of agricultural output value has a negative one.Thirdly, for the conduction mechanism that tourism industry affects new urbanization in Western China, neither international tourism income nor domestic tourism income has a significant effect on population urbanization, fixed-asset investment and agricultural structure have negative effect on population urbanization. Domestic tourism income, fixed-asset investment and traffic location around market have more significant positive effect on economic urbanization, but agricultural structure is negative. Traffic locations around market, domestic tourism income, fixed-asset investment and industrialization have more significant positive effect on social cultural urbanization but agricultural structure is negative. Traffic location around market, domestic tourism income, fixed-asset investment and industrialization have more significant positive effect on intensive using of urban resources and protection construction on environment, but savings of urban and rural residents and agricultural structure have more weaker negative effect. Domestic tourism income and traffic location around market have significant positive effect on the balance development both urban and rural, but industrialization and agricultural structure are not significant.Fourthly, for new urbanization in different types of cities, domestic tourism income, industrialization and industrial structure are important driving force for these non-capital cities. Domestic tourism income, fixed-asset investment, industrialization and industrial structure are important driving force for these capital cities, but international tourism income is more significant negative effect. Domestic tourism income, traffic location around market and industrial structure are important driving force for these high-specific tourism cities, domestic tourism income, fixed-asset investment, traffic location around market and industrialization have more significant positive effect on semi-specific tourism cities but international tourism income has a more significant negative effect. Fixed-asset investment and traffic location around market are main driving force for these large-medium-sized tourism cities, domestic tourism income, fixed-asset investment, industrialization and industry structure are important driving force for these small-sized tourism cities but international tourism income has a more significant negative effect.Fifthly, for new urbanization modes, there are four advance modes because of the differences of spatial location and combination between urban and rural among resources, capital and market. The four modes are respectively transition and upgrading of central cities, recreational belt around metropolis, ―enclave‖ mode and tourism urban agglomeration or tourism cities belt, which are optimizing the spatial structure of urban system in Western China.Four innovative points in this paper:(I) Innovation on perspective. With the coming of the post-industrialization era, this paper chose the tourism industry as a driving force for new urbanization.(II) Innovation on research methods. On the one hand, this paper applied the composite index method and the entropy weight method to measure the comprehensive development level of new urbanization, then empirically analyzed tourism industry how to affect the comprehensive development level of new urbanization by using the panel data. At the same time, this paper analyzed some driving forces of promoting new urbanization. On the other hand, this paper chose thirty-two specific tourism cities in Western Chinaas the research sample, so the research target and direction are better.(III) Innovation on theory application. Based on core, metropolis belt and edge theory, this paper put forward four advance modes on tourism new urbanization which include(i) transition and upgrading of central cities,(ii) recreational belt around metropolis,(iii) ―enclave‖ mode and(iv) tourism urban agglomeration or tourism cities belt by analyzing the capital, resource, market, spatial, exploitation or development approach and so on.(IV) Innovation on suggestions. According to related theories and empirical results, this paper proposed some commendations and suggestions about strengthening driving mechanism, improving conduction mechanism, optimizing advance modes, etc..The future research directions include deepening theory studies on the effect of tourism industry on new urbanization, applying more different methods to analyze this topic and comparing the different results and conclusions, doing some case studies and so on.