Research On The Appropriate Scale Of Livestock Breeding Family Farm Under The Background Of Circulation Economic

Developing agricultural recycling economy is an effective way to realize the energy and material flow.The government is encouraging the development of circular economy and family farm. Family farm with circulation economy can effectively alleviate the contradiction between agricultural production and environmental protection, and attract the rural youth starting an undertaking. It can also improve the utilization rate of resources and increase the income of farmers. With the development of economy, livestock breeding family-farm plays more and more important role in rural economy. But it also brings great pressure to the rural environment if the waste been treated with wrong attitude and method. From the perspective of agricultural environment protection and resources effective use, this paper studies the appropriate scale of livestock breeding family under the background of recycling economy, and provides reference for the sustainable development of family farms.Based on the literature at home and abroad, the relevant literature research is divided into three parts, such as circulation economic theory and application, livestock breeding with large scale and the environment, the determination of appropriate scale. Then this paper evaluates the literature and put forward further research work. From the analysis of the survey data, It is found that the majority of family farm has awareness of recycling economy. Although the circular economy development level is not high, it has become the background of the development of family farms. Under this background, many farms with big size give great pressure to environment. It is said that the scale of breeding is not appropriate, this problem has become needed to solve for the development of farm and protecting the environment.From the three aspects, such as external constraints, internal driving force and development conditions and so on, this paper analyses the foundation of the development of family farms. The farm with moderate scale management is the key to sustainable development of farm. Based on the influence of external forces and internal driving forces on the system of farm size, this paper analyses the determination of breeding scale with the lowest external environment cost and the highest profit rate. By using the coupling and dissipative theory,the constraint conditions are analyzed to determine the appropriate scale. The moderate scale must meet the constraint conditions which is the dynamic balance between internal management system and external environment resource subsystem. Further analysis of moderate scale characterization of family farm in the production and operation is made to test the breeding scale. With the completion of the above theoretical analysis, this paper build theoretical framework. Collecting and using the survey data for empirical analysis, the mediate scale is determined by the lowest external environment cost, the highest profit rate, and constraint conditions. Combined with characters of the moderate scale farm, the scale which is determined is test by measuring loss of resources and the green efficiency. This paper also analyses the factors affecting the change of external environment cost and comprehensive farm profit rate, and seek the path to achieve the moderate scale of family farm.The study comes to essential conclusions as follows:Firstly, based on survey data, the education degree of modern farm operators is higher than that of traditional farmers, and the average age is lower than that of traditional farmer. Planting crops or breeding fish become important part of the circulation management of family farms. Currently the majority of farms’ actual emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus organic matter exceed farm environmental carrying capacity. The highest level of farm cycle management is 0.55, and the circular economy level of family farm is in elementary and intermediate level, but it also showed a slow upward trend with the development of farm’s scale. Circular economy has gradually become the development direction of scale livestock breeding, family farms under this background has made great progress. The environmental impact and farm operating profit are the main factors of the farm breeding scale when operators make choice.Secondly, it is analyzed that moderate scale is the development condition of family farm. The internal driving force and external force are the bases for the sustainable development of the farm. Internal driving force is maximum profits. Environmental effects and regulation are for external binding. The scale is the optimal size when external environment cost is the lowest and profit is the highest. Farm production management subsystem and environmental subsystem of resources in dynamic equilibrium is the constraint conditions to determine the appropriate scale. The moderate scale representation is low resource loss and high efficiency green.Thirdly, the external environment cost is the indicator of negative externality internalization process. This paper accounts the external environment cost from three aspects of water pollution, soil pollution and air pollution. The water pollution environment cost mean line is downward with the breeding-scale increasing. For the farms, whose breeding-scale is less than 499 heads, the external environment cost of soil is relatively high. The shaded area of the middle-size 500-999 in the chart is smallest, that is said the environment cost is the lowest. The scale more than 1000 heads is high. The air pollution external environmental cost of less than 999 heads is in slow growth. Through the theoretical hypothesis and empirical analysis, it is found the external environment cost has a significant negative correlation with quality of manager, environmental system execution force, and material and energy use of orders, the pollutant absorptive capacity of family farm, environmental subsidies, and technical level.Fourthly, from the angle of farm, the operator will glade to choose the scale which can bring maximum profit to farm. It is found that the average profit rate of scale 500-999 heads is highest, using survey data. Through the correlation analysis and regression analysis, this paper studies the factors affect gross profit rate. It is suggested that the surplus value rate, saving fertilizer costs, farming skills, biogas volume and sewage utilization rate is positively correlated with gross profit rate.Fifthly, the moderate scale also meets the constraints condition. Based on survey data, the result is that the average growth changing rate of middle size scale with 500-999 heads is close to 1, the mean number of clip angle is about 45 degrees. This means the subsystem of resources environment and farm management develop in a state of dynamic equilibrium.Sixth, for the farm of scale 500-999 heads, the mean value of unit resources loss is minimum and the green efficiency is maximum.Ways to form moderate scale of breeding family farm:(1) The external environment costs can be controlled by such ways as improving the technical level of cleaner production and pollution treatment, improving the overallquality of the operators to become new occupation farmer, enhancing the enforcement of environmental systems, establishing a multidimensional integrated recycling system, increasing environmental subsidies, improving farm pollutant carrying capacity and so on.(2) The gross profit rate can be improved through saving farm productive resources, reducing loss of resources and other methods.(3) Promoting the formation of dynamic equilibrium of farm production subsystem and environmental resources subsystem by dealing with relationship of environment and product using ecological laws.(5) Strengthening the system of information feedback mechanism.