Measurement And Applications Of Single Photon Source Prepared By SPDC Process

Single photon state is a very essential non-classical light field, which playing a more and more important role in quantum optics foundation, quantum cryptography and quantum computer. The commonly used methods to generate the single photon state include of quantum dots, color center, decay pulse and spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC). Compare to the other methods, the SPDC have unique advantages. Based on the second-order nonlinear interaction, this process converts a pump photon into entangled photon pair, once one of SPDC photon was detected, the existence of its twin photon could be verified. Thus we can obtain a single photon without any destruction, and compensate the other methods in this respect. Besides, considering the SPDC photon pair has entangled properties in multiple dimensions, this resource can be used to prepare various entangled source. So both the SPDC process and the single photon state have been deeply developed in theoretical and experimental aspects.The preparation, transmission, measurement and manipulation of single photon source are advanced topics in quantum information domain. It not only enriches the knowledge to microscopic world and reinforces comprehension to quantum mechanics fundamental, but also provide a solid foundation to quantum communication and quantum computation. Specially, the researches involved single photon quantum effects are important to quantum network. It has access to every part of network such as the preparation of optical source, modulation, demodulation and distribution of information, and frequency conversion. A potential influence will be gradually manifest in other quantum field.In this thesis, we introduce our works mainly around the preparation, transmission and measurement of single photon source. The key parts contain following aspects: 1. Summarize various physical models to generate the single photon state, analyze the advantages and disadvantages, and give the unique superiority of SPDC; design a resonant cavity for pulse experimentally based on the SPDC process and obtain a brighter single photon source.2. Design and investigate the balanced homodyne detection system for measurement of weak pulse, analyze the performance and parameters, and construct the quadrature components of weak coherent light in time domain.3. Explain the quantum interference effect related single photon state, analyze the interference fundamental principle between single photon and multiphoton by utilizing of the classical physical tool, and give the universal resolution and applications in balanced homodyne detection of single photon state.4. Based on the HOM principle, realize a deterministic quantum splitter experimentally by use of the time-reserved HOM process, make the degenerated twin photons separate from each other completely only with the help of a common beam splitter. The order of magnitude of pulse width that is split had been increased from ps to fs.5. Proposed an intracavity frequency conversion scheme of quantum state, define the conversion efficiency through the concept of fidelity and signal transfer coefficient, find out the complete conversion condition. Meanwhile, the influence of signal amplitude, pump parameter and cavity losses to frequency conversion efficiency are also analyzed.The creative works are listed as follows:1. By utilizing a low-lost ultra-short pulse resonant cavity, increased the parametric gain tremendously while keeping its repetition rate and comb structure, obtain a brighter single photon source.2. According to the time-reserved HOM interference principle, design and verify a deterministic quantum splitter experimentally using only a common beam splitter and separate the completely degenerated photon pair of fs pulse width with a higher efficiency.3. Propose an intracavity model of quantum frequency up and down-conversion, it can increase the conversion efficiency easier than the travelling-wave scheme and would give the instructive help to specific experiment. This frequency conversion model is suitable for the weak field especially single photon state.