Y-Chromosome Genetic Diversity Of The Ancient Northern Chinese Populations

Because of its location as a transportation point, Northern China was a keypoint for culture communication between Central Asia, North Asia and and East Asia.Northern China located in the east end of the northern nomads belt along the GreatWall of China, which was the obvious boundary between Central Plains and frontierfortress. The region played an important role when human beings undergo barbarismto civilization and in the development of Chinese civilization and also in the contactbetween agricultural cultivation and nomadic economy, is one original region ofChinese civilization. Along with the change of environment and climate, thealternation of archaeological cultures, economic lifestyle and composition of theresidents varied before5500-1500years ago. In this study,ancient people from13archaeological sites were analyzed in patrilineal lineage. We have attempted to findout the source and flow of the residents in Northern Chinese. It's not only helpful tounderstand the relationship of the prehistory residents in this region, but alsoimportant for a thorough study of the complex archeological cultural exchange of theChina and the evolutionary history of the whole Eurasia.Firstly,44reproducible Y-DNA results obtained from78ancient West-Liao Riverpeople, and they were attributed to3haplogroups such as C, N and O. The mostfrequency haplogroup in ancient West-Liao River people is haplogroup N. Thehaologroup N, appeared early, distributed extensively, is the chief constituent of thepaternal gene pool in this region. According to archaeological culture research andrelated Y-DNA results, haplogroup O maybe belong to the immigrants whomigration from the central plain. The result of the geography distribution showedthat most of people who carried haplogroup C are Northern Asians or ancient nomads. All the data show that the ancient West-Liao River people keep their geneticcontinuity science Neolithic to Bronze Age, at the same time, we can find adventivecomponents arised in this region, indicating that neighouring populations hadassimilate into West-Liao River people.Secondly,46reproducible Y-DAN results were obtained from64ancientNorthwest Chinese, and they were attributed to4haplogroups such as N, O, Q and R.The different populations in Northwest China have distinct paternal genetic structure.Based on the Y-DNA data, we inferred that the most likely reason is that everypopulation had different male origin. And little genetic communicate between humangroups on the paternal side.Thirdly,29reproducible Y-DNA results were obtained from46ancient centralplain people, and they were attributed to3haplogroups such as N, O and Q. Theancient central plain people are most close to the Han Chinese in terms of thecompositions of haplogroups O among the ancient populations in this study,indicating the close relationship between central plain people and Han Chinese. Theresults showed that the ancient central plain people contribution to the Han Chinesewas much higher than the other ancient northern populations. Over all, the ancientcentral plain populations were close to the Han Chinese in paternal lineage,indicating a stable paternal genetic structure in Han Chinese since3,000years ago.