| The thesis is devoted to the investigation of incoherent holography technique and transmission grating spectroscopy aimed to the application in laser fusion research.The concept and theory of incoherent holography are firstly introduced compared with coherent holography technique, and then, image reconstruction technique related to it is studied intensively. Several universal image reconstruction techniques for 2D object incoherent hologram is afforded. Necessary condition related to 3D perfect reconstruction of incoherent holography is discussed seriously.A Combination Gabor zone plates encode holography technique is proposed aimed to remove the out of focus artifacts in conventional zone plate encode holography. Four different kind of Gabor zone plate (i.e., positive cosine Gabor zone plate, negative Gabor zone plate, positive sine Gabor zone plate and negative sine Gabor zone plate) is used to (encoding) image an object in a same way acording to the proposal, and then process the four hologram integrally and make the out of artifacts removed. Primary numerical simulateion is performed and shows that the idea workes well. The numerical result also demonstrates that the novel technique has broken through the z direction resolution limitation of tradition zone plate encode holography.Incoherent holography technique is first used in the first round implosion experimental research based on the Shenguang II facility. In the experiments, the thermonuclear bum region was served as a faint a -particle radiation source, the image of the source is obtained at first time with an intentioned developed Fresnel zone plate coded imaging camera. The a -particle image reflect the direct information about laser radiation symmetry and uniformly, implosion compression ratio, etc.Super thermal X-ray imaging technique and the application in laser fusion research is dicussed. A super thermal X-ray Fresnel zone plate coded imaging camera is developed and get used in hohlraum physics experiments. Space distribution of super thermal X-ray emit region which related to the action of super hot electron in a hohlraum is obtained at first time. Meaningful phenomenon could be seen from the obtained image. It is, however, the first time one tryes to diagnose a plasma in a hohlraum with a thick (20 u m) Au wall without a diagnose hole.Numerical and experimental investigation about X-ray ring coded apertureimaging technique and the application is performed. High resolution X-ray plasma image is obtained with the investigated technique. It makes a real preparation for futher ICF research based on the Shenguang II facility.The proposal to introduce Gabor zone plate encodes holography technique into ICF research field is suggested. The first micro structure binary Gabor zone plate and related imaging system is fabrated, which got first usage in several intention experiments based on the Xingguang II facility. X-ray plasma image with tomograflc structure is obtained. Primary experimental results show that it hopefully could be developed to 3D imaging technique applified to ICF research field.Investigation about transmission grating spectroscopy is performed intensively. Conventional transmission grating is thought as a space limitless grating plus a rectangular window which mainly deside the diffraction pattern of the grating. Theoritcal and numerical analysis shows that a traditional transmission grating could not give an ideal diffraction pattern in a Fresnel diffraction region.A proposal to substitute the retangular window with a cosine window is suggested. With the idea one can effectively optimize the diffraction pattern of a transmission grating: the subordination diffraction maxma is effectively restrained, and the main diffraction maxma is made an ideal smooth shape.A concept of cosine window sine transmission grating is proposed. The novel optics gives ideal diffraction pattern for transmission grating spectroscopy: no high order diffraction, no subordination diffraction maxma, the main diffraction maxma take id...
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