Digital Deposit And Its Implementation

The doctorate dissertation title of Digital Mineral Deposit and its implementation is selected based on the National Key Technologies R&D Program in 10th Five-Year Plan of China "Technologies for exploring successive resources for large scale tin mines and their application cases" (No. 2004BA615A-03) and the Province and University Science and Technology Cooperation Projects of Yunnan Province "Research on the reserves increase and the prediction of deposits in the periphery and deep of Gejiu tin deposit" (No. 2000YK-05) .The natural resources available on the earth that the humankinds depend on are limited. Rational exploitation and high efficient usage to mineral resources become essential to the future existence and sustainable development of humankind. The sharp increasing demand to the mineral resources because of the rapid social and economic progress in recent years has imposed greater importance to the geological mineral exploration. In the process of mineral exploitation, researchers transfer their attention to the quantitative expression of the mineral deposit information. It becomes the general trends of the geological development to solve the existing deficiencies in the mineral deposit research by combining the information technology with geological theory. Rooted on the research on the mathematical economic model of mineral deposit conducted by Institute of Geological Mineral, KUST for multiple years, this thesis proposed the concept of "Digital Mineral Deposit".DMD is the visualization and reorganization of the real mineral deposits information and related phenomena by digital instruments. Its core concept consists of the information expression and knowledge management related to the mineral deposit as well as the spatial distribution revealment as a whole. To be more specific, DMD firstly stores the existing useful natural mineral deposit and social resource information into the computer, deduces other helpful deposit information from the geological theory, then built up an integrated digital database of mineral deposit. By transforming the digital information into visible and easy-to-understand images and graphs, finally we can construct mineral deposit atlas. The atlas can simulate the natural mineral deposit distribution and reproduce a three-dimensional virtual deposit, reveal the resource information in any location and range of the real mineral deposit. With the aid of automatic control technology, the virtual deposit system can also simulate the deposit exploration and mining planning procedure and furthermore inspect the mineral production in a real-time way. In addition, DMD technology can perform the abstract analysis and knowledge extraction from the mineral deposit information, provide an overall solution for mineral deposit exploration, design, mining and production. DMD is a combination of geology science with computer science, mineral information processing technology and graphic expressing.There exists linkage between DMD and Digital Mine (DM) even they still have the difference. Based on geological science, the DMD emphasizes more on mineral deposit resource information both above and below the surface of earth and aims the problem of deposit resource assessment. It establishes a mathematic model for the mineral resource and consequently considers the design, plan and dynamic production management, etc, on the basis of mine's real situation. Meanwhile, the DM, put forwarded in recent years, is a digit overall solution to the mine on the theoretical basis of digit earth. The core concept of DM is to integrate the time axis and spatial framework, organize and manage the tremendous heterogeneous mineral resource information in all-round, efficient and orderly manner.The implementation of DMD technology could either be fulfilled by totally independent software development, or with the assistance of exist software tool kits. There are no fixed patterns for the of DMD system development, but the real characters or conditions of each mineral deposit must be fully considered according to DMD development purpose. By virtue of Micromine, DMD technology are implemented to the mineral deposits in DaChang Tin (GuangXi Province), GeJiu Tin (YunNan Province) and JinChuan Nickel Mineral (GanSu Province). Moreover, some software interfaces are also developed for the digital mineral hardware.In the application of No.92 ore-body in Guangxi Dachang which mainly consist of Sn, 32 cross sections have been circled with reference of Pb and Zn grade. The inverse distance weighting and Kriging method are selected as the grade estimation to the sin, Pb and Zn respectively, and the semi-variogram functions which are composed of two Spherical model are applied for the estimation of Sn grade. The reserves report is drawn from the grade model. On the base of grade model and the existing mining system, the exploration workflow that contain the stope and working surface is designed. Moreover, the cell cost-profit model based on the economy indexes criterions such as mine cost, transportation margin, mill operation cost, smelt cost and price of metal market are established for the evaluation of the mine economic property. And finally, the ore deposits are located judged from the cost-profit assessment.In the application of No. 10 Gaosong Gejiu ore cluster digital deposit, the geological explanation are drawn from point view of ore body, faults, topography, strata and granite boundary on the 13 cross sections and 5 mineral geology models out of the 10 clusters are derived herewith. The inverse distance weighting and Kriging method are selected as the Sn and Pb grade estimation, and 5 ore deposits grade models and reserves report are acquired. The semi-variogram models which is composed of Cave model, Gauss model and Spherical model are chosen when Kriging grade estimation method are established and Kriging variance is attempted in the reserves scale classification.As for the example of the tin deposit of Gejiu Malage No.33-1 digitalization, the geological mineral model for the No.33-1 deposit has been established within the interpretation on 6 sections for the tin grade in respect of rock petrology. Due to the shortage of sample, the means of the inverse-distance method has only been selected for the modeling of tin and copper grade appraisals. The reserve reported for tin and copper is derived herewith and issue on the grade changing causing by ore-body shape changing.As for the example of the tin deposit of Gejiu Laochang No.5 digitalization, ore-bodies are digitized for the oxidized ore and sulfide ore. Two ore models for the oxidized ore and sulfide ore individually are established based on the mineral samples outlining on 13 cross sections in view of the rock petrology with reference to the tin and copper grade. The tin and copper grade are estimated by the inverse-distance method according to the statistics results, the grade models and reserve reports of the tin and copper metals are set up for the oxidized ore and sulfide ore respectively, and vertical variation analysis is carried out for grade models.As for the DMD of the Jinchuan Nickel deposit No.â…¡ore district, the ore-body is outlined on the 32 cross sections with reference to three grade categories: the low, high and super high grade respectively, and three individual ore-body model are established. Two methods, the inverse-distance weighting and krigging, are applied in the three grades estimation models, and inverse-distance weighting are selected in the copper grade estimation models respectively. The reserve report of nickel and copper are drawn. On the basis of the models mentioned above, the Ni, Cu grade and Ni/Cu ratios plane maps on the 5 different altitudes, 900m, 1000m, 1100m, 1200m and 1300m are selected and portrayed, and the mineralization targets are put forward the follow-up exploration.The application of DMD should be strictly complied with the mineral real condition and adopt properly evaluation methods. This dissertation makes some innovative efforts on the following aspect: classifying the mineral reverses scale by the Clige variance, estimating the mineral reserves on the ground of DMD results, establishing the mineral profit and loss model on the cell volume basis and lodging the concept of dynamic mineral quality management according to the cell samples. With the deepening of the DMD research and its expanding application, the knowledge base on DMD will be enhanced and its application prospect will become more brilliant.