Nucleic Acids, Proteins Materialization Process And The Polymer Nature Of The Piezoelectric Sensor

Piezoelectric quartz crystal bulk acoustic wave sensing techniques have many advantages, such as broad sensing spectrum, high sensitivity, simple construction and easy realization for digitization. In the present thesis, the piezoelectric sensing techniques were applied for the study in the fields of bio-analytical chemistry and polymer science, actually for the study of the physical and chemical processes of DNA and proteins at the solid-liquid interface and the analysis and characterization of polymers. A series of valuable and important results were obtained. The main work of the thesis could be summarized as follows.1. A novel method for monitoring, in real-time, the small molecule - induced DNA -protein cross-linking process with piezoelectric quartz crystal impedance (PQCI) technique was proposed. The method was used to monitor the formaldehyde -induced DNA - lysozyme cross-linking formation process. On the basis of the analysis of the multi-dimensional information provided by the PQCI technique, the kinetics of the cross-linking process was quantitatively studied. The kinetic parameters, such as the binding and dissociation rate constants and the equilibrium constant for the cross-linking, were first reported in the world.2. A novel method for the real-time monitoring of the binding process of the DNA-targeted drug molecule to DNA with the PQCI technique was proposed. The method was used to monitor the binding process of an anticancer drug, mitoxantrone, to the double stranded calf-thymus DNA immobilized on the surface of the piezoelectric sensor. The DNA immobilization was realized by layer-by-layer self-assembly. The kinetics of the binding process was quantitatively studied. The value of the binding equilibrium constant obtained here was in reasonable agreement with the reference value. The values of the binding and dissociation rate constants were first reported .3. A piezoelectric response model for describing the kinetics of the protein adsorption process at a solid-liquid interface was theoretically derived. The adsorption processes of human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) from phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) onto bare and polystyrene (PS) -modified silver electrode surfaces and of lysozyme onto bare and thioglycollic acid -modified silver electrode surfaces were in situ monitored with the PQCI technique. The response model was used to fit the experimental data of frequency shift for these adsorption processes. It was shown that the adsorption processes of HSA and lysozyme could be described by a kinetic equation involving two consecutive reactions. At lower concentration, BSA adsorption only involved the first reaction. At higher concentration, BSA adsorption onPS-modified surface involved two consecutive reactions. The regression values of the reaction rate constants for these adsorption processes were obtained. These data exhibited the difference in the protein adsorption kinetics under different conditions. ?4. A novel method for the real-time monitoring the drug binding process to protein with the PQCI technique was proposed. The method was used to monitor the binding process of berberine hydrochloride to BSA. The kinetics of the binding process was quantitatively studied and the kinetic parameters, such as the binding and dissociation rate constants and the binding equilibrium constant, were first reported in the world.5. A new method for probing the interaction process between ionic surfactant and protein with series piezoelectric quartz crystal sensing technique (SPQC) was developed. The method was used to examine the interaction process of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate with lysozyme in aqueous solution. Compared with the surface tension method, FT-IR and CD method, the new method was of its advantages, such as simple...