Study On Growth, Body Color And Biochemical Composition Of Body Wall Of Red Sea Cucumber (apostichopus Japonicus)

A series of outdoor experiments were conducted to investigate effects of water depth (natural light intensities), substratum color and substrate on growth and body color of red sea cucumber; Growth of green and red seacucmber under the same cultured conditions; Effects of different settlement substrata on growth of red sea cucumber; Biochemical composition and content (Nutrition-related) of body wall of green and red sea cucumber under the same cultured conditions. The main results were presented as the following:1. Effects of water depths (natural light intensities) on growth and body color of red sea cucumberIn the experiment, red sea cucumbers were cultured at depths of 20 cm, 50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm and 200 cm. The results showed that there was the max production (319.13g) on the depth-150 cm, and SGR, Production of this depth were positive from beginning to end. There was the highest survival rate(93.3%) on the depth-200 cm. Regression analysis showed that light intensity and growth were significantly positive correlation, The regression equation was: SGR = 9E-08 L² - 0.0004L + 1.0758 (n = 40, r = 0.60, P < 0.01); The effects of water depth on body color was significant (P < 0.05) in the last three months (September to November), namely, water was deeper, R value was smaller. Comparing with other water depths, at the 150 cm depth, the body color of red sea cucumber was better.2. Effects of substratum colors on growth and body color of red sea cucumberIn the experiment, red sea cucumbers were cultured in suspending cages with different substratum colors(red, orange, yellow, green, blue, white and black). The results showed that the effects of substratum colors on growth of experimental red sea cucumbers became significant (P < 0.05) in the last four months (September to December). There was the maximum total production(367.90 g) on the yellow substratum, the minimum total production (75.65 g) on the blue one. The effects of different substratum colors on the body colors of red sea cucumbers were significant (P < 0.05) in the last three months (September to November). At the end of the experiment, the order of R values was: Blue > Yellow > Black > White > Orange > Red > Green. Body color of red sea cucumber on yellow substratum was better.3. Effects of different substratum colors and substrates on growth and body colors of red sea cucumberIn the experiment, red sea cucumbers were cultured in the enclosures with different substratum colors(Blue, White and Orange), or different substrates(mud and white sand). The results showed that: in the substratum colors-growth experiment, effects of substratum colors on body weight and SGR of red sea cucumber were significant(P < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, the weight order was: White > Orange > Blue; In the substrates-growth experiment, the body weights of red sea cucumbers on white sand and mud substrates both increased, and at the end of the experiment, SGR of white sand substrate was significantly heigher than the mud one (P < 0.05); In the substratum colors-body color experiment, differences of BCCR among enclosures with different substratum colors were unremarkable(P > 0.05). At the end of the experiment, R value sequence was Blue > White > Orange; In the substrates-body color experiment, differences of R values and BCCR between white sand substrate enclosures and mud ones were both unremarkable(P > 0.05). Body colors of red seacucumbers in enclosures with mud substrates were gradually deeper. During the experiment, body colors of red seacucumbers all maintained red.4. Growth of green and red sea cucumber and effects of different settlement substrata on growth of red sea cucumberIn the experiment, green and red sea cucumbers were cultured in enclosures of mud substrta to investigate their growth situations; and red sea cucumbers were cultured in the enclosures of different settlement substrata to investigate the effects of settlement substrata types on their growths. The results showed that: In the initial one month, SGR of red sea cucumber was significantly higher than green one 97.50 % ( P < 0.05 ). In winter, SGR of green sea cucumber was remarkably higher than red one ( P < 0.05 ), conversely. At the end of the experiment, total production of red sea cucumber was 45.65% of green one. The final survival rate of green and red sea cucumbers were: ( 29.06±2.77 ) % and ( 21.25±2.04 ) %, respectively. Regression analysis showed that SGR of green and red sea cucumber were both significant correlation with water temperature. Differences of Wt and SGR of green and red sea cucumbers between new and PVC pipe type settlement substrata were unremarkable (P > 0.05).5. Biochemical composition of body wall of green and red sea cucumberBiochemical composition and content (Nutrition-related) in body wall of green and red sea cucumber under the same cultured conditions were investigated in the experiments. The results showed that: The moisture contents in body wall of green and red sea cucumber were maximum(90.50 % and 91.70 %) among general biochemical compositions (nutrition-related), crude protein (49.00 % and 49.61 %), ash (28.34 % and 30.02 %) and carbohydrate(2.94 % and 3.01 %) were less in sequence, content of crude fat was minimum. Notability analysis showed that: Body wall production, moisture and ash contents of red sea cucumber were significantly higher than green one (P < 0.05); There were 18 amino acids in body wall of green and red sea cucumber, differences of these amino acids content between green and red one were unremarkable (P > 0.05). Percentages of Essential amino acid, Flavor amino acid and Drug amino acid in total amino acid of green sea cucumber were: (33.98±1.46) %, (51.94±2.96) % and (46.49±2.32) %, respectively. And red sea cucumber were: (32.85±1.49) %, (52.99±1.46 ) % and (46.95±0.29 ) %, respectively. The Amino acid score and Chemistry score of green and red one were both less than 100, and the first limiting amino acids of them were both Lysine; There were 10 fat acids in body wall of green and red sea cucumber. Notability analysis showed that: Contents of MUFA-16:1 and SFA-20:0 in green one were significantly higher than red one (P < 0.05), but AA content in red sea cucumber was remarkably higher than green one (P < 0.05); In 10 detecting Vintamins, there were both 7 ones in body wall of green and red sea cucumber, which were: V_B1, V_B2, V_B3, V_B9, V_B12, V_C and V_E. Contents of VC and VB9 were maximum and minimum, respectively. V_B3 content in red sea cucumber was significantly higher than green one (P < 0.05); Total carotenoid content of red seacucumber [(0.29±0.05) mg/100g] was significantly higher than green sea cucumber [(0.09±0.01) mg/100g] (P < 0.05); In body wall of green sea cucumber, Fe element content was higher [(4.83±0.13) mg/kg], and in body wall of red one, Zn element content was higher [(6.86±0.05) mg/kg]. Notability analysis showed that: In the detected 6 trace elements(Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,Cr and Se), Zn, Cu and Se contents in body wall of red sea cucumber were all significantly higher than green one (P < 0.05). On the whole, the nutrition quality of red sea cucumber was better than green one.