| In order to study the water-stress effect on cultivated spring barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) two different experiments were conducted in the research farm of the Northwest A & F University, college of Agronomy, Y angling, China. The experiments were carried out in two consecutive barley growing seasons. A population of 117 doubled haploid lines developed from Steptoe and Morex (cultivars barley), with their two parents were used for study. Experiments designs were randomized complete block with two replications.Experiment 1 was conducted in the growth season 2008-2009. A total of 117 double haploids lines and their two parents were evaluated in this experiment. Data were collected on the following parameters:Plant height, Number of spikelet per spike. Number of grain per spike, Spike length, Peduncle length, Grain yield, and thousand grain weights.Experiment 2 was carried out in 2009-2010 barley grow season. In this experiment, due to not availability of engouh land, we evaluated only 58 of 117 DH Lines, the sames used in the first experiment. Data were collected on the following parameters:Tiller number per plant, Plant height, Number of grain per spike, Spike length, Peduncle length, Grain yield, Biological yield, Harvest index, and thousand grain weights.In both two experiments, each experimental plot was 15 m long and 1.5 m wide with total area of 22.5 m. The experimental plots were separated by a border of 0.25 m diameter. Fertilizer 25 kg/mu or 374.98 kg/ha of Nitrogen and phosphorus (N:P 1:1) respectively were applied every year before sowing of plants. Sowings were performed in October 10, 2008 and in October 09 2009 respectively for two experiments. In each plot, each doubled haploid line and parent were represented by two consecutive rows, with 1.5 m long and spaced by 0.3 m. Irrigation was performed in two times and at the same period for two experiments:The first was applied the first decade of January, three months after sowing and the second in March for both experimental years. The quantity of water applied was the same for two seasons,10 m3/mu or 150 m3/ha (1 mu=666.7 m2) according the regional norm applied usually on wheat. Plants were harvested after maturity. All plants were harvested at the same day (June 10. 2009 for the first year, and June10, 2010 for the second year). Harvesting was done manually by pulling the mature plants out of the soil and then made fast by lines, by treatment and by replication and stored in a room at the Agricultural center for data analysis.The objectives of this work were to study the water stress effect on the variation and the distribution of agronomical and morphological traits, the performance of DH Lines under stressed conditions, and also to study the norm of water applied usually on wheat in the experimental region are necessary for barley in the same growing condition.Results of this study showed significant effects of water deficit on the variation and distribution of plant heights and grain yield in the experiment 1 and significant variance for grain yield and Biomass in the experiment 2 (see Table 14 and Table 18). For all others parameters, in both experiments, analyses of variance were non-significant.In addition the previous work, I have worked on genetic diversity study in rice(Oryza sativa L.) populations. In this work, I used ISJ primers for DNA fingerprinting of rice varieties, to identify seed purity. Genomic DNA was isolated from young leaves 21 days old. A total of 9 ISJ primers were tested for screening 24 varieties of two different populations from Hunan north and Hunan South. The goal of the present work was to study genetic diversity within and between population and within variety.Results showed a total of 1607 reproducible amplifications products and 1463 (91.03%) polymorphic bands for all primers and all genotypes. The number of polymorphic amplified products ranged from 0 for primer E4 to 237 for primer R2. The number of bands per primer ranged from 24 for primer E4 to 261 for primer R2, and number of bands per genotypes varied from 1 to 10. The primers R2, R4 and E4-1 were the most informative locus for DNA profiling and differentiation.The coefficient of similarities based on ISJ data among varies ranged from 0.42 to 0.90 with an average similarity index of 0.67. The lowest genetic similarity was observed between You Mi and Xiang Zhao Xian No 24; and the highest genetic similarity was observed between genotypes R207 and R507 (see Table 21)Cluster analysis based on Dice's similarity coefficient using UPGMA procedure grouped the varieties into three clusters:Cluster I comprised nine varieties. Cluster II possessed six varieties and Cluster III possessed nine varieties.
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