Effects Of Crop Rotation And Continuing On Productivity, Quality, Pests And Diseases Of Oats And Soil Fertility

The field experiment was carried out from2008to2011at the western of theLoess Plateau moist area, Gansu Province, the rules were researched though the singlesequence rotation (oats-peas-til-oats) and continuous condition production and quality,diseases and pests oats and soil fertility changes, then set up the comprehensiveevaluation model of the soil about the single sequence rotation and under the impactof oats yield, quality, pests and soil fertility, the paper discussed the effect of the oatsrotation and continuous on oat yield, quality, diseases and pests and controlling. Themain research results were as follows(1) Crop rotation and continuous production of oat hay significantly influencedin filling stage, the hay yield was higher than continuous conditions in filling stage ofrotation conditions. In the fourth year of crop rotation oats and milking stage hay yieldin the fourth year of continuous high25.6%。Under the condition of the continuouscropping, oats production declined year by year in the hay trend in filling stage, fromthe third year began to drop oats present obvious down trend, which the increase ofthe decline of enhanced.(2) The effected of the crop rotation and continuous on oat grain yield wassignificant. Under the crop rotation conditions, oats grain yield significantly higherthan that under the condition of continuous cropping. On the4thyear of continuous was17.2%times lower than that of first year. Crop rotation and continuous mainly throughinfluence factor to influence the grain yield constitute its yield, under continuous, oatsgrain yield factor when a downward trend was more, spike length, each ear numberper ear festival, small number/inflorescence-grain weight and mild decline; Singlebranch number, seed reproductive branch grain number and the yield per plant seedsheavy down trend more apparent.(3) The crop rotation and continuous on oat hay and grain quality was significant.In the rotation conditions, due to the improvement of soil fertility and plant diseasesand insect pests, the contents of protein, crude fat content, crude ash, calcium andphosphorus content of oat hay on a higher level and the stability condition. Manyquality indexes of plantation age increase with the decrease under the continuous; butpickling fiber content increased. (4) The impact of crop rotation and continuous effect of plant diseases and insectpests of oats significantly. When the day relative humidity and average dailytemperature, precipitation, etc, which three poles and the high degree of involved inmeteorological factors relative stability, the number of the aphids was a single-peakcurve changed. Under the condition of continuous oats aphids to a significantly higheramount rotation conditions, and the impact of the number of the aphids increased withincreasing year by year. in the fourth year of crop rotation oats aphids than dropbroken down per fourth year34.6%. At the same time, crop rotation conditions oatsBYDV disease index and smut incidence were significantly lower than the impact ofcontinuous conditions, under continuous conditions, BYDV disease index and smutincidence with the increase of the years of planting were the tendency that year afteryear rised obviously.(5) The crop rotation and continuous impact of the influence of soil nutrientsignificantly. Under the condition, the soil microorganisms.this organic matter, totalnitrogen, phosphorus nutrients with years of planting in the increase of oats reducedyear by year except pH. In the crop rotation conditions, the soil organic matter, totalnitrogen, phosphorus and nutrient interannual changes between not significant, but theimpact was significantly higher than conditions. The impact of soil enzyme activitywas the very significant influence under the crop rotation and conditions. In therotation conditions, the soil catalase activity, urease activity, alkaline phosphataseactivity and invertase activity was higher than the continuous. In the continuousconditions, the soil enzyme activity decreased of plantation age, speeding up the soilof aging, lead to soil fertility dropped.(6) By using principal component analysised to evaluation oats yield, quality,pests and the soil fertility in the crop rotation and continuous of two different farmingsystem, the model for: P comprehensive=0.4668P1+0.3840P2+0.0950P3. It wasknown that the rotation can make oats yield and quality to remain in a stable of highyield and good quality level, while making oats plant diseases and insect pests andreduce the maintenance of soil fertility; Oats drop because of soil fertility declineswhen plant diseases and insect pests and the increasing of yield and quality makesoats declined, from the third year continuous obviously declined.